Державно-правове регулювання виробництва та обігу алкоголю в УНР та ЗУНР в роки визвольних змагань (1917–1921 рр.)

Abstract

Заналізовано досвід правового регулювання низки питань, пов’язаних із виробництвом та обігом алкоголю в Українській Народній Республіці в добу Української Центральної Ради, Української Держави гетьмана П. Скоропадського та Директорії, а також у Західноукраїнській Народній Республіці на початку XX століття. Humanity found out about alcohol at the early stage of the development of the society. The profits of the alcohol production are usually known to exceed the yield of any other legal business (with the exception of weapons production). However, the increased consumption of alcoholic beverages by the citizens of any State of the world causes the risks of increased crime, the impoverishment of the population, its going lumpen, etc. Today, according to data of the World Health Organization alcohol is the cause of almost 4% of all deaths in the world. The alcohol abuse kills more people than AIDS, tuberculosis, and wars. At the same time interesting (in terms of the historical experience) means of regulating the quality of alcoholic beverages was providing privileges and privileged status to leading manufacturers, it facilitated strengthening the economic unity of the State. This article deals with the experience of legal regulation of a number of issues related to the production and sale of alcohol in the Ukrainian People’s Republic during the activity of the Ukrainian Central Rada, the Ukrainian State of Hetman P. Skoropadskyi and the Directory, as well as in the West Ukrainian People’s Republic at the beginning of XX century. In the Ukrainian National Republic and the West Ukrainian People’s Republic there were certain models of the State intervention in the sphere of production and consumption of alcohol, legislative and administrative regulation of combating alcoholism, establishment of consumer prices, organization of the tax system. Key words: Ukrainian statehood, alcohol monopoly, alcohol production.