Статут і модельний статут як установчі документи суб’єктів господарювання – юридичних осіб

Abstract

Розглянуто два схожі установчі документи – статут і модельний статут. Обґрунтовано необхідність правильного вибору типу установчих документів для конкретного виду юридичних осіб. Охарактеризовано види юридичних осіб, які за законодавством мають право діяти на підставі статуту та модельного статуту. Вказано різницю між порядком затвердження й використання статуту та модельного статуту. Визначено основні положення, які повинні міститись у статуті. Розглянуто перспективи використання модельного статуту у процесі створення і діяльності юридичної особи. The article deals with two similar constituent documents – charter and model charter. Charter can be defined as an officially registered document which defines a form of ownership of an enterprise, a sphere of its activity, a way of management and control, an order of accumulating the property and a profit distribution, an order of the reorganization of an enterprise and other provisions which regulate the activity of a business entities. The need for the right choice of a kind of a constituent document for a specific business entities has been defined. Kinds of a business entities who, according to legislation, are entitled to act on the charter and model charter have been determined. On the basis of charter there are joint-stock companies, companies with limited and additional liabilities and other business entities. Enterprises of collective property belong to statutory ones. These are cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, public and religious organizations, other enterprises provided by law. It has been pointed out that a cooperative functions on the basis of charter. Cooperative associations are founded according to a constituent assembly’s decision, and the constituent assembly (a conference, a congress) approves a constituent agreement. However, such an agreement hasn’t got any status of a constituent document as on its basis the charter of a cooperative association are formed. The establishment of a joint-stock company is regulated by the adopted constituent agreement. The constituent agreement of a joint-stock company is not a constituent document and is valid by the time of the approval of a joint-stock company’s charter. Differences between the order of approval and the use of different kinds of constituent documents have been singled out. The basic provisions have been given which a constituent document should contain. The prospects of the use of model charter in the process of creating and functioning of a business entities have been taken into account. The problems of a state registration of a business entities in case of changing a constituent document from charter into model charter have been analyzed.