Політико-правові детермінанти епохи Середньовіччя в Західній Європі: доктринальне осмислення

Abstract

Досліджено політико-правові детермінанти епохи Середньовіччя в контексті їх доктринального осмислення. Проаналізовано поняття та структуру політико-правової доктрини в науковому сенсі та в контексті західноєвропейського середньовічного світогляду. Охарактеризовано головні ознаки державно-правового розвитку в Західній Європі та формування на його ґрунті політико-правових доктрин періоду Середньовіччя. З’ясовано роль Католицької Церкви у формуванні політико-правових доктрин у період Середньовіччя. Each historical epoch contains its own, unique political and legal understanding of the current reality and ways of theoretical comprehension. The theorists of state and law of different eras focused on the attempts to analyze a great number of political and legal problems associated with the historical development of state institutions and principles of formation of the legal system of certain type. So, various doctrines are based on this analysis, defining features of social development in a certain historical era. The article attempts to doctrinal understanding of political and legal determinants of social life that are catalysts for public and legal development and determine in which direction will develop as separate societies as the states in general. These categories being components of civilization characterize not only features of a single country at some historical point, but are crucial to analyze the characteristics of the era as a whole. Political and legal phenomena and processes are the foundation to solve the key strategic challenges related to obtaining and keeping power as a tool to achieve these goals. They are the ideological core for the formation, development and manipulation of public consciousness. The article notes the existence of political and legal doctrines that embodied all the above mentioned characteristics. The article deals with investigation of the political and legal determinants of the Middle Ages period in the context of doctrinal comprehension. The concept and structure of political and legal doctrine in the scientific sense and in the context of Western European medieval world are analyzed. It is given the characteristics of the main features of state and legal development in Western Europe and creating political and legal doctrines of Middle Ages period made on its ground. The role of the Catholic Church in the formation of political and legal doctrines in the Middle Ages period is also ascertained.