Окремі аспекти розвитку законності в Галичині у другій половині ХVIII – першій половині ХІХ ст.

Abstract

Розглянуто законність у період становлення австрійської влади в Галичині другої половини ХVІІІ – першої половини ХІХ ст. Акцентовано на змінах нормативно-правової бази та процесах реалізації правових норм під час так званих «йосифінських реформ» та перші кілька десятиліть постреформового періоду в сфері суспільно-політичного, суспільно-економічного та церковного життя галицьких земель імперії Габсбургів. Скасування станових та корпоративних привілеїв, встановлення чітких норм юридичної відповідальності стало передумовою до подальших процесів національного відродження у Галичині, яке активізувалося після «Весни народів» 1848 р. The legality during the formation of the Austrian government in Galicia in the second half XVIII-first half XIX century is considered. Attention is focused on the changes in the regulatory framework and implementation process of law during the so-called «Emperor Joseph reforms» and the first few decades of postreform period in the socio-political, socio-economic and religious spheres of Galician lands of the Habsburg Empire. Cancellation of class and corporate privileges, establishing clear rules of legal liability was a prerequisite for further processes of national revival in Galicia, which intensified after the «Spring of Nations» in 1848. The historical aspect of the development of law and legal norms is a challenging and interesting problem. The formation and development of the law in its historical perspective is important issue in the history of law and state institutions of various historical periods of national and world history. An important aspect of this problem is the development of legal provisions during transition periods when foreign pressure (at least – internal) circumstances – wars, diplomatic, international agreements, mass uprisings have changed the political system and powerful institutions on various areas. Establishing the civil society, democratic state and other European legal ideas requires an examination and consideration of appropriate historical framework of both national and international experience. It is in the Ukrainian lands within the monarchy of Habsburg Austria from the second half of the eighteenth century. After the previous 9 centuries action personal rights (if the wrongful acts committed by man was responsible according to their own social class, ethnic, religious or gender), and four centuries of domination of unrestricted privileges in their noble oligarchy implemented policy of enlightened absolutism of Austrian monarchs. Apart from Galicia, the first inhabitants of other lands of the Austrian Empire were able to live under the rule of law that guarantees its citizens not only protection in all spheres of life and their natural rights, but also equally responsible before the law. Before modern Ukraine as a problem of development of the democratic state, where, besides the democratic rights and freedoms, the rule of law problem exists. This, in turn, determines the urgency and importance of the chosen research topic. The theoretical basis for the study were published assembly materials and labor Ukrainian, Polish and Austrian historians and historians of law: I. Frank, I. Krevetskoho, K. Studynsky, Ya. Dashkevycha, F. Stebliya, O. Kupchynskoho, M. Herasymenko G. Petrishin, M. Wise, O. Arkushi, W. Kulczycki, I. Kolodyazhna, I. Nastasyaka, V. Nykyforaka, V. Lozinskoho, L. Finkyelya, T. Shnyur-Peplovskoho, A. Baltsera, V. Tokarzha, Boris Pavlovsky, P. Styebyelskoho, S. Goshovsky, T. Rutovskoho, M. Tirovicha, S. Krytsinskoho, T. Tsehyelskoho, J. Hlyebovchika, J. Krentosha, E. Rittnera, G. von Tsvidinek-Zyudenhorsta and others.