Деякі питання юридичної відповідальності як одного з видів гарантій законності: історико-правовий аспект

Abstract

Розглянуто юридичну відповідальність як один із видів гарантії законності від найдавніших часів до ХХст. Акцентовано на тому, як і на яких умовах держави в різні історичні епохи встановлювали юридичну відповідальність для своїх громадян. Досліджено процес еволюції державного права і карного законодавства у контексті формування законності в європейських суспільствах від античності до другої половини ХХст. Взаємна юридична відповідальність держави та її громадян є надійною запорукою демократичності й законності в розвитку суспільства. Legal responsibility as a form of guarantee of legality from ancient times to the twentieth century is considered. An attention is focused on how and under what conditions the state in different historical periods established legal responsibility for its citizens.The evolution of public law and criminal law in the context of rule of law in European societies from antiquity to the late twentieth century is examined. Mutual legal responsibility of the state and its citizens is a reliable guarantee of democracy and rule of law in the development of society. The concept of legal responsibility should be more studied and specified.The author shows the place and the role of this concept in historical perspective of law European countries at different stages of their development. It isproved that the category of legal liability is the propert criterion for evaluating and methodological basis for its further improvement, because it is based on legality assess the effectiveness of the right, learing and improvement of law and its practical application as one of the important components of the law. Some aspects of legal liability as a multidimensional category and means of providing research have been the subject of lawyers and historians of law, namely: Charles Montesquieu, N. M. Korkunov, I. T. Tarasova, O. Yelistratova, O. E. Lunyova, S. S. Studenikin, C. A. Yampolsky, V. Vlasov, V. M. Blinov, N. A. Hachaturyan, I. Varyash, S. K. Tsaturovoyi et al. However, despite the importance of ideas, grounded in the works of these scholars, it should be noted that the methodological aspects of legality as requiring further development, and to specify certain areas of legal practice. The purpose of scientific exploration is to show the importance of legal responsibility in historical perspective, it belongs to the universal, the leading categories of legal science. This concept has firmly established itself in the conceptual framework of law, serves as a tool for scientific analysis, providing an organic unity of general and sectoral, their implementation in practical life. This article reviewed the historical part of the application of legal liability in its criminal aspect.