Значення та використання обвинувальних і виправдовувальних доказів у кримінальному процесі

Abstract

З’ясовано питання щодо правил поділу доказів на обвинувальні та виправдувальні та їх використання в кримінальному процесі, що є виразом засади кримінального провадження: змагальності сторін, відповідно до якої кожна із сторін має право представляти суду докази, які підтверджують її позицію та спростовують позицію протилежної сторони. Зосереджено увагу на доказах, які подаються стороною захисту та мають у кримінальному процесі особливий статус – як сторони менш сильної порівняно зі стороною обвинувачення. The article analyses the principles of evidence subdivision into accusatory and exculpatory and their implementation which is the explication of criminal proceeding fundamentals: parties’ competitiveness due to which each party has the right to provide the court with the evidence to confirm its position and disclaim the opponent’s position. The evidence institute is the criminal proceeding component due to which the person, society, and state are protected against the criminal offences, as well as the rights, liberties and lawful interests of the criminal proceeding participants, and prompt, complete, and unbiased investigation and court proceeding are provided in order for everyone who committed a crime to be held liable according to his/her guilt, and no one crimeless to be accused or convicted, no one to be subject to ungrounded procedural compulsion and appropriate lawful proceeding to be applied to each participant of criminal proceeding». It is absolutely right that the evidence is a process characterized by different types of obstacles which the investigator faces when conducting his investigation, prosecutor – when proving the official prosecution, or the victim while exercising his/her private prosecution. Evidence plays a key role in establishment of truth in criminal proceeding, which, in its turn serves the principle of justice, when the committed crime is meant, and bringing the guilty party to responsibility and compensation of damage due to its actions or negligence. The person is considered innocent of crime till his/her guiltiness is lawfully proven and determined by the condemnatory judgment. Thus, till the moment of passing this judgment the prosecution and the defense fight to establish the truth in the criminal proceeding, which, for one accused person can lead to the conviction and for the other one – to the exculpation. The guilty verdict can be based only on the complex of reliable lawfully obtained accusatory evidence.