Культурно маркована лексика як засіб представлення життєвого світу людини в художніх творах: проблема перекладу

Abstract

Стаття присвячена розглядові використання культурно маркованої лексики в художньому дискурсі для представлення фізичного, духовного та соціального компонентів життєвого світу людини. На матеріалі українського перекладу роману Салмона Рушді “Опівнічні діти”, зробленого Наталією Трохим, проаналізовано шляхи відтворення такої лексики в перекладі. The article deals with the issue of rendering culturally marked lexis in the translation of artistic texts. The mentioned lexis is viewed as the set of lexical units belonging to cultural domains which are unique for the particular lingual community, like realia or forms of address. It is suggested to research these lexical units applying the category of the lifeworld which was introduced by Edmund Husserl (Lebenswelt) and defined as the world of straightforward intersubjective experiences and all the built-up levels of validity acquired by men for the world of their common life. It is claimed that a person experiences this world by transforming objects into cultural phenomena and turning them into signs and this experience includes three types of self-deployment products of the universe, in which the life of a person goes on: physical body (natural world), semantic construct (spiritual world), system of attributes, caused by public relations (social world). The article focuses of the problem of rendering culturally marked words which are used to describe each of these worlds in artistic text and is based on the ways of such vocabulary reproduction in the Ukrainian translation of Salmon Rushdie’s novel “Midnight’s Children” by Natalia Trokhym. Special attention is paid to the translation of words-realia which were a great challenge for Natalya Trokhym. Several examples of realia referring to three spheres of the lifeworld: physical world, spiritual world and social world, have been analyzed to illustrate methods of translation applied by Natalya Trokhym. It is substantiated that the application of only one method for the translation of culturally marked words, as for example excessive use of foreign words, may cause wrong perception of the target text, consequently, translator should apply several methods for adequate translation, as N.Trokym has done in her translation of “Midnight’s Children” into Ukrainian.