Соціально-психологічні чинники неуспішності здобувачів вищої освіти

Abstract

Розглянуто й узагальнено головні соціально-психологічні детермінанти неуспішності здобувачів вищої освіти, проаналізовано основні теорії та поняття, розроблено типологію невстигаючих студентів і напрями соціальнопсихологічної роботи з ними. Проведено емпіричне дослідження, кореляційний аналіз і класифікацію здобувачів вищої освіти за результатами порівняльного та факторного аналізів. The main socio-psychological determinants of failure of higher education graduates are considered and generalized, the main theories and concepts are analyzed, the typology of students who are not satisfied with the directions of social and psychological work with them is developed. An empirical study, correlation analysis and classification of higher education graduates were carried out based on the results of comparative and factor analysis. Identified external and internal factors, the main groups of causes of academic failure of students. The external factors of studentsʼ failure include: low adaptability to the process and conditions of training, low level of average performance in the student group, high frequency of use of alcoholic beverages; to internal – low level of abilities to study, inadequate (overestimated or undervalued) selfesteem, expressed weakness of nervous processes, low intensity of educational motivation and others. These reasons, in the absence of conditions for overcoming difficulties, lead to the emergence of academic failure of students. According to the results of factor analysis, 4 typical categories of ineligible students were identified, each of which has a unique set of reasons for failure. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be assumed that the main reason for the failure of the first and fourth categories of inept students is the lack of training motivation, and for the second and third category – low ability to study. According to the results of an empirical study, the most significant factors of studentsʼ failure are internal factors, namely, lack of educational motivation and low ability to study. The further development and direction of socio-psychological work with different categories of inept students is required, since in modern scientific literature there is insufficient information on this topic, despite the urgency of the problem.