Зміст права власності та автономне значення поняття «майно» у практиці Європейського суду з прав людини

Abstract

У статті на основі аналізу чинних нормативно-правових актів, Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод та Першого Протоколу до неї здійснено загальнотеоретичну характеристику права власності у відповідності до рішень Європейського суду з прав людини. Досліджено поняття «майно» у практиці Європейського суду з прав людини. У даній роботі проаналізовано конкретні рішення Європейського суду з прав людини в контексті захисту права власності. Висвітлено авторське бачення щодо напрямів розвитку нормативного регулювання в цій сфері. Окреслено перспективи подальших досліджень даної наукової проблематики. In the article, basing on the analysis of the current normative legal acts, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the First Protocol, the general theoretical description of property rights has been made in accordance with the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Civil law of Ukraine provides for different ways of obtaining the right to property (things) by participants in civil and commercial circulation. All of these methods, by their legal nature, are different legal facts, the presence of which causes the possibility of a specifc subjective right of ownership of a person. At the same time, the concept of property, as well as property, in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights is autonomous and is not limited to material rights to material objects, and the content of these concepts is not affected by any classifcation in the domestic law of the participating States in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 04.11.1950. The right to property is the right of a person to a thing (property), which she carries out in accordance with the law at will, regardless of the will of the other persons. A special type of property right is the right of trust, which arises as a result of a law or a property management contract. The property as a special object is a separate thing, a set of things, as well as property rights and obligations. By analyzing the specifc court decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, in which Ukraine was a party, it should be emphasized that, in accordance with the case law of bodies acting under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, property rights may be «existing property» or including claims for which the plaintiff can justify them at least with «justifed expectations» regarding the possibility of effective use of property rights. On the other hand, hopes for the recognition of the existence of an old property right, which could not be used effectively for a long time, can not be considered as «property» in the sense of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1; the same applies to a conditional claim that is losing power due to failure to comply with this condition. It seems that in defning the concepts of «property» in the context of the applicability of Art. 1 of the First Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, when considering and resolving a particular dispute, must be guided by the category of a law-protected interest, which has or may have a material (property) nature. In this paper, the specifc decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of the protection of property rights have been analyzed. The strengthening and development of institutions of civil society and the rule of law should be carried out under the slogan of comprehensive protection and defence of property and the other real property rights, the formation of new approaches to regulatory regulation, taking into account their interpretation in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and regardless of classifcation in the national law of Ukraine . Prospects for further research on property rights and the concept of «property» in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights that can be implemented in the domestic legal system are to develop the theoretical and legal basis and the arguments of the relevant legislative changes in order to improve the mechanism of legal regulation of real relations in Ukraine.