Використання безпілотних літальних апаратів у діяльності правоохоронних органів

Abstract

Розглянуто організаційно-правові засади використання безпілотних літальних апаратів у діяльності правоохоронних органів. Зазначено, що основними завданнями використання безпілотних літальних апаратів є: виявлення злочинів та адміністративних правопорушень; відеодокументування правопорушень; забезпечення оперативного зв’язку; управління наземними нарядами поліції. Проаналізовано окремі аспекти використання сучасних дронів під час переслідування та затримання небезпечних злочинців, пошуку вибухових речовин і пристроїв із безпечної відстані. Визначено особливості боротьби правоохоронних органів із дронами-порушниками. The article deals with the organizational and legal basis for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is noted that an unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft designed to fly without a pilot on board, the flight control of which is controlled by a special control station located outside the aircraft. The purpose of the study is to consider the organizational and legal basis for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in law enforcement, the analysis of the use of modern drones in the pursuit and detention of dangerous criminals, search for explosives and explosive devices from a safe distance, and features of law enforcement drones . It is emphasized that the flights of unmanned aerial vehicles are carried out in accordance with the legislation in the feld of state aviation of Ukraine. The main tasks of using unmanned aerial vehicles are: detection of crimes and administrative offenses; video documentation of offenses; providing operational communication; management of ground police patrols. The National Police of Ukraine has set up an air reconnaissance unit, which should help not only to identify the facts of crimes, but also to detain criminals. Some aspects of the use of modern drones in the pursuit and detention of dangerous criminals, the search for explosives and explosive devices from a safe distance are analyzed. It is claimed that the capabilities of the police with the involvement of unmanned aerial vehicles will increase many times over. Peculiarities of law enforcement bodies' struggle with violating drones are determined. It is noted that intruder drones detect or determine their location using cameras, radars and frequency sensors. It is emphasized that law enforcement and legislative bodies have not yet resolved legal issues related to the use of drones. However, it is already obvious that the capabilities of the police with the involvement of UAVs will increase many times over. Promising opportunities for the use of drones by law enforcement agencies have been identifed.