Кримінальне законодавство України як важливий регулятивний феномен кримінально-правової дійсності

Abstract

Проаналізовано сучасну кримінально-правову ідеологію як елемент системи кримінальноправової реальності. Проведено розмежування понять «кримінально-правова дійсність (реальність)» і «кримінальна дійсність (реальність)». Установлено, що найважливішою передумовою високої якості та ефективності кримінально-правового регулювання і охорони є належний рівень наукового забезпечення розроблення, прийняття та застосування кримінального законодавства. Досліджено системні зв’язки кримінального законодавства України з іншими галузями законодавства, які конкретизують його положення. Обґрунтовано, що з метою ефективного функціонування кримінально-правової реальності необхідно системно та гармонійно вдосконалювати норми кримінального законодавства і норми суміжних галузей законодавства, які їх «супроводжують». The current ideology of criminal law as an element of the system of criminal law reality has been analysed. The differentiation of terms «criminal law validity (reality)» and «criminal validity (reality)» has been conducted. It has been stated that appropriate level of scientifc background ensuring the development, adoption and application of criminal legislation is the most important prerequisite for high quality and efciency of criminal law regulation and protection. The systematic relationships between criminal legislation of Ukraine and other branches of legislaion that specify its provision have been analysed. It has been substantiated that systematic and harmonius improvement of the norms of criminal legislation and norms of related branches that «are accomponied with them» is necessary for the efcient functioning of criminal law reality. It has been stated that regulation of criminal law in its systematic sense should be of the highest quality. The criminal law mechanism for ensuring the quality of legal regulation in any sphere of social life is complex and multifacated. It covers, in particular, public and private institutes and organizations, legal framework of their activities and international cooperation. Each of these elements must be endowed with sufcient qualitative instrumental features. Additionally, it is important to ensure a harmonious systematic connection between them. With regard to criminal law, it can be argued about the quality of its form and content, bearing in mind the philosophical axiom that form is always essential, and the essence is always formed. It has been found that traditionally since the ancestor of the science of codifcation Jeremy Bentham, codes were considered the highest form of expression to improve the quality and content of legislation in the doctrine of law. They are precisely recognized as such in the continental legal system, as they most fully ensure, in particular, such qualities of the legislation as systematization, clarity, accessibility, the absence of gaps and contradictions. It has been investigated, that unfortunately, the Ukrainian legislative practice goes mainly through the creation of diverse, often contradictory and separate laws which make numerous changes to the current criminal law. Legal act is considered to be excellent when it does not require specifcation in by-laws, or if a need to specify the norms is minimal or enforced. The global law-marking practice has recognized that since ancient times such legal act is a code of laws, if it is developed and adopted on the scientifc basis of codifcation techniques.