Протидія домашньому насильству в країнах Східної Європи

Abstract

Проаналізовано правове регулювання протидії та запобігання домашньому насильству в країнах Східної Європи на прикладі Чехії та Словаччини. Виокремлено низку позитивних рішень, які містяться в законодавстві вказаних країн. Зазначено актуальність не тільки запровадження обов’язкових психологічних програм для кривдників, які вчинили домашнє насильство, та просвітницьких програм у школах для навчання учнів тематиці доброзичливого толерантного співжиття членів родини, а й розроблення викладання зазначеної тематики. Зауважено, що запозичення досвіду Чехії та Словаччини щодо системності протидії домашньому насильству є надзвичайно важливим для України. The analysis of legal regulation of counteraction and prevention of domestic violence in the countries of Eastern Europe was carried out on the example of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A number of positive decisions were highlighted, which are contained in the legislation of the above-mentioned countries. The relevance not only of the introduction of general psychological programs for offenders who have committed domestic violence and educational programs in schools for teaching students the topic of benevolent tolerant coexistence of family members, but also development of methodology of teaching of this topic was indicated. It was noted that the use of the experience of the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the systematic approach to combating domestic violence is extremely important for Ukraine. Having studied the practice of combating domestic violence in Eastern Europe, we have drawn the following conclusions. In general, the National Action Plans for the Prevention of Domestic and Gender-Based Violence are based on four topics, namely: actual assistance to victims of domestic violence by ensuring the availability of specialized social services; work with offenders; educational work for workers who have contacts with victims of domestic violence; dissemination of information on the state of domestic violence in order to prevent it and change the attitude of society to domestic violence, as well as on the bodies and services that can be contacted in case of domestic violence. The value of the Czech experience in combating domestic violence lies in its systematic nature. The main directions of measures include: legal reform on this issue, improving the activities of law enforcement agencies, development of social services; educational programs, rehabilitation programs. The Czech experience is relevant not only for the introduction of mandatory psychological programs for abusers and educational programs in schools to work with students on the promotion of friendly and tolerant coexistence of family members, but also the development of methods for teaching this issue. Slovakia’s positive experience is the development of the Methodology for Police Ofcers’ Response to Domestic Violence.