Теоретико-методичні аспекти вдосконалення ударних дій руками і ногами у навчальному процесі з дисципліни «Спеціальна фізична підготовка» для курсантів закладів вищої освіти МВС України

Abstract

У роботі проаналізовано теоретичні засади та визначено основні методичні підходи до проблеми вдосконалення ударних дій руками і ногами за даними науково-методичної літератури. Описано чинники, що впливають на силу та швидкість ударів, які доцільно враховувати на заняттях з дисципліни "Спеціальна фізична підготовка". Розглянуто методичні особливості розвитку швидкісно-силових якостей м’язових груп, що відіграють важливу роль у виконанні ударів, а також спеціальні методики вдосконалення сили та швидкості ударів. The article deals with one of the important sections of the discipline "Special Physical Training" – training of cadets for strike actions, which will allow to effectively solve problems in future professional activities, which are often associated with the arrest of an armed criminal, lack of information and time for making responsible decisions, constant change the situation, the unexpectedness of the detainee’s actions, etc. The theoretical principles are analysed in the work and the basic methodical approaches to the problem of improvement of shock actions according to the data of scientific and methodical literature are determined. It is important for the cadets to be able to perform high speed and force attacks (taking into account vulnerable points on the human body), as it allows to effectively overcome the offender’s actions and to negatively affect his ability to work if there is a direct threat to the life and health of a police officer or a citizen. Also important for future law-enforcers is the ability to strike with metered (differentiated) indicators of force, which allows causing minimal harm to the detained offender. On the basis of theoretical analysis and generalization of the data of scientific and methodical literature on various types of sports martial arts, factors that are appropriate to be taken into account in classes with students in the discipline "Special Physical Training" in the study and improvement of shock actions are: the speed of the movement of the strike limb, the stiffness of the joints strike limb at target, rational technique (coordination of movements of the trunk and extremities), level of development of flexibility. The means and methods of development of speed-strength qualities of muscle groups, which play an important role in the execution of strikes (using exercises different from the structure of shock movements), as well as special methods of improving the strength and speed of strikes (using exercises that are structure respond to shock actions). The components of the load are described in the course of exercises. The methodical features of the development of the ability to differentiate speed-force manifestations during the execution of shock actions are analysed.