Самовиховання вольових якостей у дітей старшого шкільного віку

Abstract

Розкрито суть понять «воля» та «самовиховання волі». Проаналізовано розвиток волі у різні вікові періоди. Розглянуто вплив на розвиток волі учнів старших класів. Виокремлено прийоми самовиховання волі та вимоги до них. Окреслено види впливу на вольові якості у дітей старшого шкільного віку. Наведено приклади психологічних досліджень учених щодо волі і самовиховання вольових якостей. В емпіричному дослідженні з’ясовано взаємозв’язок самовиховання волі з наполегливістю та самовладанням. Подано алгоритм самовиховання волі. The essence of the concepts of «will» and «self-education of will» is revealed. The development of will during different age periods is analyzed. The influence on the development of the will of the students of the senior classes is considered. The methods of self-education of the will and requirements for them are singled out. The types of influence on volitional quality in children of the senior school age are outlined. Examples of psychological researches of scientists concerning the will and self-education of volitional qualities are presented. In an empirical study, the relationship between the self-education of will with perseverance and self-control is presented. The algorithm of self-education of will is presented. Will is a conscious management of man by his activity and behavior, which manifests itself in decision-making, overcoming of difficulties and obstacles on the way to achieving the goal, the fulfillment of tasks. Performing purposeful actions, a person encounters a variety of obstacles. Some of them are connected with living conditions, these are objective obstacles – opposition to other people, natural obstacles, others – with their own disadvantages – unwillingness to work, what is needed, passivity, laziness, bad mood, feeling of fear, habit of acting indiscreetly , feelings of painful pride, etc. In order to achieve the goal, a person needs to mobilize his mental and physical strength to overcome obstacles, that is, to demonstrate volitional efforts. An important role in the development of freedom is played by the family and the closest social environment in the pre-school period. The teenager is most afraid that he would not be perceived as a little. But he does not know the whole complexity of life and does not have adult experience, so he is undisturbed, straightforward, sharp, self-confident, stubborn. So, on the basis of self-education, we can observe a high level of persistence and self-control and, accordingly, a high level of willpower, which is important in modern life.