Дискримінація праці: теоретико-прикладні аспекти

Abstract

Досліджено теоретико-прикладні аспекти дискримінації праці. Обґрунтовано, що загальноправовий принцип заборони дискримінації під час реалізації прав і свобод людини та громадянина, охоплюючи заборону будь- яких форм обмеження прав громадян за ознаками соціальної, расової, національної, мовної чи релігійної приналежності, повною мірою поширюється на сферу трудових відносин. З’ясовано, як саме дискримінація праці впливає на приниження людської гідності працівника, на створення несприятливих трудових правовідносин у колективі, на можливе виявлення ворожих настроїв серед працівників різних груп та видів діяльності. The article deals with the theoretical and applied aspects of labour discrimination. It is proved that the general legal principle of prohibition of discrimination for realization of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, including the prohibition of any form of restriction of the rights of citizens on the grounds of social, racial, national, linguistic or religious features is largely extended in the sphere of labour relations. The definition of the term «determination» in the field of labour in accordance with the provisions of Geneva Convention Concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation is interpreted. The author establishes how the native legislation (according to the Labor Code) reveals the principle of prohibition of labour discrimination, counts the level of working conditions, guarantees unlimited power in the implementation of labour rights and freedoms of employees. The author explains how labour discrimination affects the disparagement of human dignity among the employees, creating adverse labor relations in the team, possible detecting hostile attitudes among workers of different groups and activities. One of the most important forms of labour discrimination is discrimination of workers with limited working capacity, namely the disabled that are specified in the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, according to which States prohibit any discrimination on the basis of disability and guarantee the disabled equal and effective legal protection against any discrimination. A special attention is paid to wages discrimination in Ukraine, differences in the amount of remuneration, which sometimes reached large measures (there is a violation of wages to employees of one company where a difference in dozens of times was detected). The differentiation of the terms «labour discrimination and wages discrimination» is shown. The subjective character of discrimination in respect of limiting the rights and interests of specific individuals is explained. The author determines the major features of the results of the work: working hours and effectiveness of the performance of the worker’s employment function as volume of fulfilled work (official tasks).