Хрестоносний рух і політико-правова доктрина доби Середньовіччя: головні детермінанти становлення та розвитку

Abstract

Досліджено основні детермінанти взаємозв’язку Хрестоносного руху ХІ–ХІІІ ст. як політико-правової доктрини доби Середньовіччя. Проаналізовано поняття і структуру політико-правової доктрини в науковому сенсі й у контексті західноєвропейського середньовічного світогляду. Охарактеризовано головні ознаки державно-правового розвитку Західної Європи в Середні віки. З’ясовано роль Хрестоносного руху у формуванні політико-правової доктрини доби Середньовіччя. The main determinants of the interconnection of the Crusader Movement of the XI–XIII centuries and the political and legal doctrine of the Middle Ages are examined. The concept and structure of the political and legal doctrine in the scientific sense and in the context of the Western European medieval worldview is analyzed. The characteristic of the main features of the state and legal development of Western Europe in the Middle Ages is given. The key role of the Crusader movement of the XI–XIII centuries in the formation of the political and legal doctrine of the Middle Ages is defined. The article attempts to doctrinal understanding of political and legal determinants of social life that are catalysts for public and legal development and determine in which direction will develop as separate societies as the states in general. These categories being components of civilization characterize not only features of a single country at some historical point, but are crucial to analyze the characteristics of the era as a whole. Political and legal phenomena and processes are the foundation to solve the key strategic challenges related to obtaining and keeping power as a tool to achieve these goals. They are the ideological core for the formation, development and manipulation of public consciousness. The article notes the existence of political and legal doctrines that embodied all the above mentioned characteristics. The article deals with investigation of the political and legal determinants of the Middle Ages period in the context of doctrinal comprehension. The concept and structure of political and legal doctrine in the scientific sense and in the context of Western European medieval world are analyzed. It is given the characteristics of the main features of state and legal development in Western Europe and creating political and legal doctrines of Middle Ages period made on its ground. The role of the Catholic Church in the formation of political and legal doctrines in the Middle Ages period is also ascertained.