Забезпечення порядку виконання зобов’язань: проблемні аспекти єдності цивільно-правового та кримінально-правового регулювання

Abstract

Системно проаналізовано норми цивільного та кримінального законодавства, які регламентують охорону суб’єктивного права особи виконувати зобов’язання відповідно до встановленого порядку. Наголошено на необхідності узгоджувати зміст термінологічного апарату кримінально-правової заборони із цивільно-правовими положеннями про зобов’язання. Констатовано, що для досягнення єдності правозастосовної практики у справах про примушування до виконання цивільно-правових зобов’язань (ст. 355 КК України) треба чітко дотримуватися критеріїв розмежування цього злочину з іншими суміжними посяганнями. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of civil law regulations on obligations and Article 355 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which envisages liability for compulsion to meet or neglect civil obligations, It is pointed out that terminology of this norm comprises notions borrowed from the sphere of civil regulation. To ensure proper law enforcement, their original meaning in the regulatory legislation, the extent of their usefulness to refer to constituent elements of offence and its impact on the enforcement process have been determined. Having analyzed the structural elements of civil obligations, we can draw the conclusion that guilty and victim should be in binding relationship, The article states that component of the crime is not a mandatory element of compulsion to meet or neglect civil obligations, but its establishment will have supplemental meaning m determining the nature of civil liability, which took place between the parties. It has been stated that the Article 355 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine comprises obligations that have arisen before the demand with a threat of violence against the victim, or his close relatives, their property damage or destruction, Compulsion to meet or neglect civil obligations with a threat of violence against the victim or his close relatives, their property damage or destruction shall be understood to mean strongly expressed demand to terminate the obligations on the grounds upon which the law permits termination of the relationship by the will of parties. Other cases of compulsion to neglect civil obligations shall be classified as, where legally permitted, arbitrariness and / or crimes against life and health of people. Taking into account the provided for in the civil legislation provisions on obligations it would be possible to prevent a significant number of errors of law enforcement. Some of them are analyzed in the present research. The article highlights the inter-industry relations between civil and criminal law in the sphere of determining the legal principles of law enforcement.