Принципи діалектики та метафізики (формальної логіки) у праві

Abstract

Зроблено спробу розкрити основний зміст принципів діалектики та метафізики (формальної логіки), механізм їх дії як методологічних засад філософії права. Водночас ці принципи розглянуто не як антиподи, що суперечать один одному, а як діалектично взаємопов’язані, які забезпечують ефективне функціонування філософсько-правової парадигми. Зазначено, що розуміння цього, на відміну від діалектико-матеріалістичного підходу, створює можливість більш повного застосування діалектичного методу як основної методологічної парадигми правових досліджень. Principles in the concentrated form reflect the content of any activity, and therefore their isolation and analysis are the key points of the study. This is especially important for the philosophy of law, which serves as a methodological factor for the study of legal phenomena. The authors state that dialectical principles, regardless of their theoretical (materialistic or idealistic) nature perform the strategic function of studying law, and therefore they are chosen as the object of this article. Regarding the actual principles of dialectics and metaphysics in law, there are, unfortunately, no publications on this subject. In the philosophical normative literature this problem is disclosed quite integrally, but the legal sphere still remains aside of dialectical and methodological influence. The question of the methodology of the philosophy of law, as well as its objectivity, remains controversial. After all, the philosophy of law approaches two forms of social consciousness – philosophy and law. Hence the first approach to the methodology as a double paradigm that is subordinated separately to the laws of philosophy and legal parameters. The second approach advocates the idea of a link between these methodologies. On the one hand, it is a connection of identity (philosophical and legal categories are considered of the same type). On the other hand – it is a connection of differences (philosophical categories are considered as the content of philosophical and legal methodology, and the categories of law – the form of this content). The attempts is made to reveal the main content of the principles of dialectics and metaphysics (formal logic), their mechanism of action as the methodological principles of the philosophy of law. At the same time, these principles are considered not as antipodes that contradict each other, but as dialectically interconnected and ensure the effective functioning of the philosophical and legal paradigm. Understanding of this notion, in contrast to the dialectical and materialist approach, opens up the possibility of more complete use of the dialectical method as the main methodological paradigm of legal research.