Матеріально-правові критерії виділення справ приватного обвинувачення за КПК України 2012 р.

Abstract

Здійснено аналіз матеріально-правових (характеру та ступеня тяжкості вчиненого злочину) критеріїв виділення справ, кримінальне провадження щодо яких може бути розпочато не інакше як на підставі заяви потерпілого. Констатовано їх неналежне врахування розробниками КПК України 2012 року. Доведено, що визначальним для правопорушень, стосовно яких кримінальне провадження за ініціативою постраждалого здійснюється у формі приватного обвинувачення, є питання про предмет кримінального переслідування. It is affirmed that the question about the subject of criminal prosecution is crucial for understanding the essence and features of the offences, for which the criminal proceeding performs in the form of private prosecution. It is stated that in legal literature there are not unitary criteria for refering the body of the crime to cases which are commenced only as on the base of application of private person. It is marked that relatively low social danger and specifity of the direct object of the crime (the harm is caused exceptionally to interests of private person) are grounds (criteria) for the refering of certain groups of socially dangerous act to the category of cases of private proceeding. Additional grounds are an unwillingness of the state to interfere into the intimate questions of persons’ private life, that can inflict substantial harm to them and necessity of taking victim’s opinion into account for correct criminal qualification. It is indicated that only totality of such criteria stipulates the selection of criminal cases in a separate category. Separate consideration of these grounds can cause in unjustified expansion of range of cases, proceeding in which begins not differently as on the statement of private person. It is proved that relatively low social danger and specifity of the direct object of the crime (the harm is caused exceptionally to interests of private person) are the substantive grounds (criteria) for the refering of certain groups of socially dangerous act to the category of private proceeding. It is analysed the substantive (the nature and degree of gravity of the crime) criteria of disjoining of cases for which criminal proceedings can be commenced only as on the base of victim’s application and stated that developers of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine took into account such criteria.