Репродуктивні права фізичної особи: сутність, поняття та класифікація

Abstract

Подано загальну характеристику репродуктивних прав фізичної особи та їх класифікацію. Заналізовано їхню сутність, історико-правові аспекти становлення. Визначено репродуктивні права фізичної особи як різновид особистих прав людини. Окреслено основні напрямки державного регулювання у сфері репродуктивних прав. Доведено необхідність прийняття окремого нормативного акта, який би врегульовував цю групу прав фізичної особи. The article provides a general description of individual reproductive rights, which are tentatively relegated to the fourth generation of human rights. The authors analyse the essence of reproductive rights as a form of personal rights, historical and legal aspects of the formation of said rights, and define an individual’s reproductive rights as personal options to protect reproductive health, freely take and implement decisions about conception, giving birth or refusal to give birth to children both in or out of marriage, methods of conception and birth of children, including by means of assisted reproductive technologies, number of children, time and place of birth, the intervals between births necessary to protect the mother’s and child’s health, as well as the right to medical, social, and information support and advice in this area, as guaranteed and encouraged by the state. An individual’s reproductive rights include rights to: 1) free reproductive choice, including the right to establish and plan family; 2) obtain reproductive health protection and family planning services; 3) obtain accurate and complete information about their reproductive health; 4) obtain healthcare services during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth; 5) infertility treatment, including the use of modern assisted reproductive technologies; 6) donation of gametes and reproductive cells (cryopreservation); 7) use and free choice of contraceptive methods; 8) surgical sterilization; 9) induced termination of pregnancy; 10) take decisions in cases of medical intervention related to reproductive health, except in situations that create threat to life and require urgent intervention and other cases stipulated by law; 11) protect their reproductive rights, including against all forms of pressure, including sexual exploitation and abuse, forced pregnancy, abortion, sterilization, and other violations of reproductive rights; 12) right to the confidentiality of information on the implementation of reproductive rights, along with the classification of such rights. It is concluded that there exists a need for a separate regulation to cover this group of individual rights.