Методологічні засади германевтики та прагматизму у процесі тлумачення норм права

Abstract

Викладено сучасні науково виважені підходи до дослідження правових явищ і особливості їхнього застосування у тлумаченні правових норм. З-поміж них виокремлено герменевтичні та прагматичні методи, наведено власне авторське узагальнення і висновки. Роз’яснено можливість синтезування методологічних зусиль у єдину, зовні різнопланову, а по суті цілісну систему способів пізнання змісту правової норми, що підпорядковуються законам формальної логіки та діалектики. З огляду на лексико-семантичне спрямування герменевтичного підходу у тлумаченні правових норм обґрунтовано потребу доповнення його методологією прагматизму. Modern scientific balanced approaches to the study of legal phenomena and peculiarity of their application in interpreting principles of law are stated in the article. Among them there are the central hermeneutical and pragmatic methods and their author’s generalizations and conclusions. This makes it possible to synthesize methodological efforts into a single, seemingly diversified and essentially integrated system of knowledge means of the principles of law content that are subject to the acts of formal logic and dialectics. In fact, the interpretation of principles of law constitutes an objective picture of the norm operation in reality from the standpoint of dialectical categories. In this case, the first phase of interpretation is served by general and single dialectics; the second introduces the so-called «hermeneutic circle» by connecting to the process of interpretation the dialectics of content and form; peculiar third phase appears to be the correlation of dialectical categories of necessity and chance, possibility and reality. In view of lexical-semantic direction of hermeneutic approach to the interpretation of principles of law the author grounds the need of supplement to this approach by methods that afford opportunity to research the content of principles of law on more rational and practical level. Methodology of pragmatism is proposed using this approach, as this is, firstly, narrow pragmatism, which is concentrated in the correlation of «activity – action», secondly, orientation on the successfulness, usefulness of the activity result, thirdly, taking into consideration the creative work and the subject of knowledge activity, fourthly, an address to the inexhaustible possibilities of the subject of interpretation – the interpreter, its competence and professionalism. In general, the methodology phenomenon of interpretation of principles of law should not be reduced to one-sided limited, monistic approach in understanding the meaning of principles of law. On the contrary, it must personify all the richness of different methods, techniques, methods and principles of knowledge as inexhaustible as reality itself or the legal reality in particular.