Тактичні особливості допиту свідків у кримінальних провадженнях про незаконне видобування корисних копалин загальнодержавного значення

Abstract

Досліджено питання проведення допиту свідків при розслідуванні незаконного видобування корисних копалин загальнодержавного значення. Окреслено завдання слідчого під час планування та проведення допиту, а також перелік типових запитань, які він може використовувати. Шляхом аналізу слідчої практики встановлено такі групи свідків у зазначених кри-мінальних провадженнях: свідки-очевидці незаконного корисливого вилучення природних ресурсів; працівники природоохоронних органів; особи, які можуть характеризувати підозрюваного, спосіб його життя, зв’язки, поведінку на роботі, у побуті. З’ясовано найбільш доцільні тактичні прийоми їхнього допиту. This article investigates the issues of witnesses’ interrogation in the investigation of illegal mining of national importance. We outlined investigative tasks of planning and realization of interrogation, and created the list of typical questions that can be used by the investigator. This list of questions have general and directing nature and can be supplemented and specified according to criminal procedure. Analysis of investigative practice allowed us to distinguish such groups of witnesses in these criminal proceedings: witnesses of illegal mining; Environmental Authorities Staff (Inspectors of State Environmental Inspection of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Employees of the Health Service, etc.); individuals who can describe the suspect, his way of life, relationships, behavior at work, at home. In criminal proceedings of this category, the subject of interrogation are circumstances related to clarification of a place of illegal mining; individuals who committed a crime or involved in it; reasons of criminal acts; situation; tracks; methods of crime commitment; causes and conditions, that contributed to this commitment. It is important to use tactical expediency in the procedure of interrogation of different participants and determine their sequence of interrogation, considering projection of their testimony, position and situation of interrogation. In view of this, accentuated the importance of preparation for the designated investigative actions. One of the important tactical recommendations of investigative preparation for witnesses’ interrogation is to familiarize with legislative and departmental regulations and other documents that regulate relations in the field of environment, in order to obtain a full understanding of these areas of economic (production) activities. According to the author, it is efficient to use such tactic as interrogation at the scene in the investigation of such crimes in order to establish and achieve a particular aim. A problem of interrogation often appears in crime investigation (Article 240 of Criminal Code) with high probability that person is involved in crime commitment, but the investigator and prosecutor don’t have sufficient evidence to inform this person about suspicion and interrogation as a suspect. An obligatory condition of interrogation of this category is a precaution in setting questions that do not allow them to understand that the investigator has doubts about the veracity of such statements.