Лібералізм як основа європейської політико-правової філософії сучасності (до постановки питання)

Abstract

Проаналізовано причини труднощів визначення поняття лібералізму, який є багатовимірним і таким, що еволюціонує, явищем, своєрідною «метаідеологією» сучасності. Розглянуто такі його види, як «класичний», «новий», «економічний», «політичний», «радикальний», «консервативний», «агенціальний», «віртуарний», «лібертаризм». Наголошено, що дослідження лібералізму як політико-правової категорії має значний, та поки ще недостатньо розкритий у вітчизняній науковій літературі, евристичний потенціал. The article states that while studying the merits of case and solutions of questions performed by constitutional, general and international courts (such as the European Court of Human Rights, the European Court of Justice, the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, etc.), the members of these bodies, of course, rely on certain ideological principles, values and ideological foundations. It is generally accepted that the most common area of modern political and legal ideology is liberalism, which is traditionally considered as defending individualistic approach to understanding the human rights and responsibilities in society. However, in today’s legal and philosophical thought of Ukraine the liberalism has hardly been the subject of special consideration. It is not identified and differentiated by specific types as a special ideological and legal approach, as well as worldview, philosophical and legal paradigm. Its particular historical features and structural branching are usually ignored. The proposed publication analyzes the causes of difficulties of the definition of liberalism, which is multidimensional and evolving phenomenon, a «metaideology» of modernity. The author states that it is almost impossible to give clear, unambiguous and complete definition of this concept considering that today it is necessary to speak not only about one-and-only liberalism, but rather, in the words of M. Freeden, the «family of liberalism». The article considers such its key types as «classic», «new», «economic», «political», «radical», «conservative», «agential», «virtuary», «libertarism». It is emphasized that as a political and legal category, the study of liberalism has a significant and heuristic potential, which is yet insufficiently represented in domestic scientific literature. And here, according to the author, particular attention in future studies should be paid to possible limits of its application in solving specific legal cases, especially by constitutional and administrative courts.