Особливість надання гарантій працівникам, які працюють у важких та шкідливих умовах праці

Abstract

Досліджено особливості надання гарантій працівникам, які працюють у важких та шкідливих умовах праці. Зокрема, наголошено, що такі гарантії закріплюються у багатьох нормативно-правових актах, які мають різну юридичну силу, що ускладнює можливість їхнього застосування. Крім того, запропоновано з метою дотримання принципу рівності щодо реалізації права на працю особами різної статі внести зміни до ч. 5 ст. 43 Конституції України, де зазначено, що використання праці жінок на небезпечних для їхнього здоровʼя роботах забороняється, скасувавши таку заборону. Однак зауважено, що деякі обмеження стосовно жінок доречно залишити. The peculiarities of providing guarantees for employees in hard and harmful working conditions are investigated. The author affirms that such guarantees are fixed in many normative and legal acts, which have different legal force complicating the possibility of their application. In addition, with a view to implement the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation, it is proposed to amend the paragraph 5 of Article 43 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that employment of women for work hazardous to their health is prohibited, and to abolish such a prohibition. However, some restrictions are still proposed to leave. For example, to employ such workers for a fixed-term contract for a year, obliging them to complete a medical examination each year, as well as to prohibit pregnant women from working and in this regard, to require the employer to transfer them to work, the performance of which is not related to harmful and hard working conditions during pregnancy. In order to provide the employee in hard and harmful conditions with work leave, it is necessary to adhere to a number of provisions, in particular, to carry out attestation of his place of work according to working conditions and to calculate the time actually spent on work with harmful factors. At the same time, clause 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 51 of Labor Code states that workers in harmful working conditions have shortened working hours – no more than 36 hours a week. However, the specific duration of shorter working hours is determined by local acts, which include, in particular, a collective agreement and rules of internal labor regulations. According to Article100 of Labor Code of Ukraine, employees in hard, harmful or hazardous working conditions, in special natural geographic and geological conditions and in conditions of high risk for health have higher wage rates determined in the current General Agreement, as well as taking into account the content of local legal acts.