Проблеми затримання окремої категорії осіб у кримінальному процесі України (Scopus)

Abstract

Виокремлено категорії осіб щодо яких застосовується окремий порядок затримання за вчинення кримінального правопорушення, зокрема народні депутати та судді. Проаналізовано деякі теоретичні аспекти застосування затримання щодо окремої категорії осіб, окреслено проблеми, які виникають на практиці. Зокрема, звернено увагу на інститут недоторканості, з врахуванням якого у кримінальному процесуальному законодавстві закріплено особливий порядок затримання окремих категорій осіб. Сформовано позицію щодо вдосконалення правової регламентації затримання окремих осіб у законодавстві та надано відповідні пропозиції. The article considers some aspects of custody introduction of a particular category of persons, in particular deputies and judges. The problems arising during the custody practical application regarding these persons which, in some cases, do not allow bringing them to criminal responsibility have been analyzed. The procedure of detention of people’s deputies and judges, as well as their status according to the current legislation on the subject of compliance with the requirements of modernity, has been analyzed. It has been established that the immunity of deputies and judges is connected with the exercise of their powers within the limits of their professional activity and, furthermore, the idea of the inviolability institute consists in preventing any methods of influencing a deputy or a judge when making decisions. The absence of the element of surprise and suddenness when applying taking into custody people’s deputies of Ukraine, in accordance with the current legislation, which may contribute to counteracting the use of justice, as well as the attempts to avoid liability for criminal offense or escape abroad have been stated. Corresponding examples have been presented, where the individuals, using their integrity, went abroad and, as a result, were able to hide from the investigation and the court. Positive points were noted in the direction of reformation of the Institute of immunity, namely, the transfer of powers to grant permission to take into custody the judges to the High Council of Justice, as well as introduction of two laws on the abolition of parliamentary immunity by the Verkhovna Rada. The proposal not to cancel general parliamentary immunity, but to restrict it, has been given, which is similar to the immunity of judges, since it must direct the existence of a stabilized system of levers and counterbalances in the activities of a deputy or a judge, balancing the possibility of their adopting specifc solutions, but preventing violations of the tasks of criminal proceedings in general.