Типові слідчі ситуації початкового етапу розслідування кібердиверсій

Abstract

Зазначено, що через гібридну війну з Російською Федерацією на території України значно почастішали випадки вчинення злочинів проти національної безпеки України, зокрема диверсій, які старанно маскуються під інші кримінальні правопорушення, що не дає змоги одразу організувати та провести об’єктивне досудове розслідування належним суб’єктом. Запропоновано узагальнені слідчі ситуації та першочергові тактичні завдання, вирішення яких сприятиме виконанню завдань кримінального провадження та уникненню дублювання роботи різними правоохоронними органами. Ensuring Ukraine's national security is becoming an increasingly important task in the context of the implementation of the European vector of development and the hybrid war with Russia. In the conditions of an undeclared war, sabotage on the territory of Ukraine is more real than ever. Such crimes are professionally disguised as other criminal offenses, in particular in the feld of use of computers, systems, and computer networks and telecommunication networks, and the ways of their commission are quite diverse and are qualifed by separate articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is sometimes problematic for law enforcement agencies to objectively classify a criminal offense at the initial stage of the investigation, which leads to duplication of work by different bodies of the pre-trial investigation, its improper subject, resulting in the unsatisfactory implementation of the prosecution and thus failure to perform criminal proceedings. The purpose of the study is to summarize typical investigative situations and identify tactical tasks to be addressed as a matter of priority, the initial stage of investigation of criminal offenses in the use of computers, systems, and computer networks, and telecommunications networks to confrm or refute the presence of signs of sabotage. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the need to identify specifc investigative situations is due primarily to the fact that clarifying its elements signifcantly saves time and resources of law enforcement to address typical tactical tasks that must be performed to determine the appropriate subject of investigation (jurisdiction). The typifcation of investigative situations of the next stage of investigation of criminal offenses by the proper subject of investigation directly depends on the timely and objective solution of the priority tactical tasks. The latter is directly affected by the state of the investigation of criminal proceedings, which is determined by the degree of fulfllment of the tactical tasks of the initial stage of the investigation. The state of the criminal investigation should be assessed in order to determine a model of the situation in which the appropriate subject of the investigation will have to initiate the next stage of the investigation.