Порівняльна характеристика спеціальної конфіскації як іншого заходу кримінально-правового характеру та конфіскації як виду покарання за чинним Кримінальним кодексом України

Abstract

На підставі чинного кримінального законодавства України з’ясовано основні властивості спеціальної конфіскації як іншого заходу кримінально-правового характеру та проведено розмежування останнього із конфіскацією майна як видом покарання. Доведено, що в системі кримінально-правових норм вказані заходи впливу мають власне самостійне значення і є відмінними не лише за своєю правовою природою, а й за іншими ознаками. При цьому звертається увага на те, що у чинному кримінальному законодавстві сьогодні наявна деяка розбалансованість кримінально-правових приписів, які регулюють вказані кримінально-правові заходи впливу, що потребує негайного усунення. According to the provisions of the Articles 96-1 and 96-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, special confscation is characterized by its own criminal law content and has a legally determined status of a criminal law measure, which must be distinguished from other measures of the forfeiture. In this article, on the basis of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine,were determined the general properties of special confscation as an alternative criminal law measure. Also, it has been distinguished from the property forfeiture as a penalty. The author of article proved that in the system of criminal law, these measures of the impact have their own independent meaning, and are different not only by their legal nature, but also by other features. Such features are: the grounds for the using of special confscation and confscation as a penalty type, the list of persons to whom these measures may apply, the purpose of their application, as well as the legal nature of the property to be forfeitured. The article highlights such problem of the current criminal legislation as some imbalance in the criminal legal requirments that regulate these criminal law measures of impact. In some cases this situation allows to identify confscation of property as a penalty type of punishment. For example: often we can see as the special confscation the property forfeiture which belongs to a person, who committing crimes, that is, essentially covered by the using of the special confscation. The article raises the logical question as the expediency of having such criminal law measure of impact in the system of punishment as confscation of property. Therefore, there is the only way to eliminate this problem, actually by offering the appropriate legislative changes. This problem should be solved by a set of legislative steps, among which the author sees improving the legal regulation of the provisions of Articles 96-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, rejection of the using the property forfeiture as a criminal penalty type and exclusion property confsaction from the system of punishments provided by the Criminal Code of Ukraine.