Природно-правові підходи в юридичному регулюванні: монографія

Abstract

Монографію присвячено філософському й теоретико-правовому дослі- дженню смислових зв’язків між природним типом праворозуміння і державно- юридичною практикою. Розкривається інструментальна та власна цінність природно-правових підходів у правознавстві та юридичній практиці. Пропо- нується операціональне визначення загального поняття природного права. За матеріалами національного й зарубіжного законодавства, практики Конституційного Суду України та Європейського суду з прав людини розг- лядаються особливі засоби, форми та способи позитивації юснатуралізму, розкриваються механізми, за посередництвом яких природно-правові ідеї отримують реальне правотворче й правоперетворювальне значення. Для науковців, викладачів, студентів, аспірантів вищих навчальних закладів, юристів-практиків та усіх, хто цікавиться філософсько-правовими проблемами юридичної діяльності. The study is dedicated to philosophical and theoretically-legal perception of relations between the natural type of law conception and state legal practice, finding out specific forms of jusnaturalism expression in it, analysis of devices, through mediation of which the naturally-legal ideas gain real lawmaking and modifying meaning. The first part figures out the naturally-legal paradigm in the science of law. It’s characterized through converging from general notion of jusnaturalism to classification of its concrete historical varieties. The notion of naturally-legal approach in legal science is specified by the ascertaining of correlation of jusnaturalism and the wide range of related approaches – sociological, anthropological, ethically- deontological and axiological (Chapter 1). The typology of jusnaturalistic approaches to the law conception is defined more concretely. Herein the notional equivalents of «natural law» in separate conceptions are figured out. (Chapter 2). It’s viewed, that interpretation of naturally-legal ideas, notions, conceptions in the aspect of their opportunities which are implement in legal practice, includes extreme cases such as the image of natural law in philosophy, folk’s and official ideology given as ideally-appropriate from the on hand, and the notion of objectively necessary and therefore perfect matter of must-be legal decision from the other. In other words it’s «minimal natural law» of practical jurisprudence. In the third chapter the invariant ground of the naturally-legal notions, which are viewed as functional in the juridically-applied aspect is defined. The category of regularity may serve as a given basement. We may figure out two ways of natural law comprehensions as legal regularities: metaphysical, in which it’s bound or identified with general regularities, and empirical, which is oriented on special (general socionormative, legal, stately – legal) regulations. Empirical orientation of natural law comprehends it in sociocultural legal activities, work out optimal models of functioning and development of legal institutes. From the point of view of the inter form of organization of normative impact on social relations socioregulating rules present the principles of legal regulation as sense device, logical, axiological hierarchy and functionally-structural regulating of legal activites. The definition of general operational notion of natural law as regularities of imperative control and self-control of the human behavior, which ensure the conservation and development of the human being in the society in the concrete historical conditions. The action of these regularities is mediated by human consciousness in the manner of: 1. Principles of distribution and change of socially significant goods and 2. Principles of matter and form legitimating of realization of such activities. According to functions, which are executed by the naturally-legal principles, the instrumental and proper value of jusnaturalism as a type of law comprehension and the way of philosophic conception of legal reality, its expression in legal acts is defined. Factors, which cause the problem of immediate reception of applied naturally-legal approaches by post-socialistic state legal systems, which have been developing for a long time under the impact of Byzantine legal tradition, are characterized. In the second part of the monograph positivation of naturally-legal approaches in state legal control is investigated. Methodological principles of implementation of natural law into the state legal activities are elucidated. The forms and ways of such positivation is pointed out (Chapter 4). They are: a) behaviorally active, in which the principles are realized in individually regulating contractual explaining and application legal practice, in the highest degrees of jurisdiction, in constitutional and international trials, in international legal customs in particular and b) documentary, principles of which directly or indirectly expressed in declarations or other politically-legal documents, in contracting international legal acts, constitutions and legislative codifications, etc. Dialectic contradictions of positivation process of naturally-legal principles consists in transformation as a result of this process into institutes and separate statements of positive law. As a result their partial formalization happens and the measure of their precision is grown, but their lawmaking and law transforming potential becomes limited at the same time. The last chapter is focused on special devices, forms and ways of jusnaturalism positivation according to national and foreign legislature, practice of Constitutional Court of Ukraine and European Court of Human Rights.