Амбівалентність особистості як психологічний феномен

Abstract

Досліджено і представлено результати теоретичного, а також емпіричного аналізу амбівалентності особистості. Проаналізовано науково-теоретичні концепції та підходи до вивчення проблеми амбівалентності в українській і зарубіжній психології. Визначено структуру амбівалентності особистості, яка складається з мотиваційного, поведінкового та афективно-когнітивного компонентів. З’ясовано типи особистісної амбівалентності, такі як: шизоїдний, депресивний, нав’язливий та істеричний. Досліджено, як явище амбівалентності співвідноситься із типами акцентуації особистості. The article examines and presents the results of theoretical and empirical analysis of the individual’s ambivalence. The scientific-theoretical concepts and approaches to the study of the problem of ambivalence in Ukrainian and foreign psychology are analyzed. The greatest attention to the studies of ambivalence was paid by foreign scholars and their research were conditionally divided into three directions: psychoanalytic concepts, cognitive theories, and humanistic theories of personality. It is established that ambivalence is a characteristic feature that is manifested in the coexistence of opposing equivalent desires, feelings, thoughts and actions to an external or inner world that is phenomenologically fixed in the behavioral, motivational, affective and cognitive spheres of human life. Ambivalence can be considered on the following components: motivational (based on the socalled two-modality, its positive and negative construction in accordance with the need for affiliation, which is realized as a desire to accept, on the one hand, and as a fear of neglect – on the other), behavioral (which has the form of manifestation in the plane of internal struggle between benevolence and aggressiveness), affective and cognitive (the mind says one thing, and the heart suggests something different). The types of personality ambivalence, such as: schizoid, depressive, obsessive and, are found out. As a result of the empirical study it was found that high and average level of ambivalence prevails in the group of the respondents, which is best manifested in hyperthyroid, cyclotomic and emotional types of accentuation. Low levels of ambivalence is manifested in cyclotomic and exalted types of character accentuations. The following methods were used for the study: the characterological questionnaire by K. Leongard – G. Shmishek (for diagnostics of the person’s accentuation type and an indicator of accentuation); the method «Female (male) ambivalence» by T. M. Zelinska (to determine the level of ambivalence).