Теоретико-методологічний аналіз вивчення проблеми психологічної травми: від історії до сучасності

Abstract

Зроблено спробу теоретично обґрунтувати вивчення проблеми психологічної травми в історичному контексті. Виокремлено спонукальні фактори до вивчення психотравми. Подано історичний початок вивчення психотравми як трьох особливих її форм. Проаналізовано теоретичні концепції, що пов’язані з психологічною травмою у працях зарубіжних та вітчизняних науковців. Аргументовано визначення поняття посттравматичного стресового розладу (ПТСР) як можливої реакції на психотравматичну подію. In the scientific article an attempt was made to theoretically substantiate the study of the problem of psychological trauma in the historical context. The inductive factors for the study of psychotrauma are highlighted. The historical beginning of the study of psychotrauma as the three special forms is given. In particular, hysteria is a psychological disorder in women, as well as wartime neurosis and trauma due to sexual violence and domestic violence. The theoretical concepts connected with psychological trauma in the works of foreign and domestic scientists are analyzed. Psychological trauma – these are residual phenomena of affective experiences of the person, caused by external stimuli, give rise to mental discomfort and show pathogenic effect on the personality. Psychotrauma is shock of the psyche that has a strong influence on the functioning of the person and its further development. The depth of the psychological trauma depends on the personal significance of the traumatic event, emotional stability and psychological security of the person. The results of the research on the problem of psychotrauma at the present stage show that when traumatic reactions are excessive, uncontrollable and expressed through extreme psychological excitement, they can consolidate the connection between fear and reproduction of a traumatic event, predetermine avoidance behavior, continual reproduction of events in memory, and, as a consequence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The definition of the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a possible reaction to a psychotraumatic event is substantiated. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a difficult mental state that occurs as a result of psycho-traumatic situations (involvement in hostilities, violence or death threats). Characteristic symptoms of PTSD are psychopathological experiences and high levels of anxiety.