Проблеми навчання осіб з відхиленнями психічного розвитку

Abstract

Розглянуто особливості навчання осіб з відхиленнями психічного роз-витку в Україні. Доведено, що для успішного навчання осіб, зокрема з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку, слід широко застосовувати корекційно-відновлювальні методи інклюзивного навчання, що сприятиме соціальній адаптації та формуванню інтересів таких людей. Водночас встановлено, що значну роль виконує соціально-педагогічний супровід, який ґрунтується на нормативно-правових засадах. The features of teaching persons with mental disabilities in Ukraine are considered. It is shown that successful teaching of such people, particularly with infringements of intellectual development needs to broadly use methods of correction and rehabilitation methods of inclusive education that facilitates social adaptation and the formation of interests of such type of people. Moreover, the role of social and educational support, based on the normative and legal grounds is of great importance. Thus, the content of correctional and developmental studies is aimed at solving specific problems caused by peculiarities of mental development of people and exercised through individual subjects and courses. A significant drawback of modern system of special education is its uniformity, isolation of people with mental and physical disorders in special boarding schools, lack of social and practical orientation of the educational process, lack of individualized and personal orientation of the educational process, low efficiency of correction and developmental studies, insufficient scientific methods for providing educational process of persons with mental disorders. Therefore, Ukraine should actively promote special education for people with mental disorders, which will help meet their specific educational needs. It should be noted that the most important areas of educational work with this contingent is the training of social and life skills, cognitive and motor development and the formation of elementary educational and working skills.