Особливості функціонування банківської системи України на сучасному етапі

Abstract

Розглянуто специфіку функціонування банківської системи України. Проаналізовано основні показники діяльності банківських установ у сучасних умовах. Виокремлено зміни, які відбулись у банківській системі після проведення націоналізації наприкінці 2016 року одного зі системно важливих банків держави. З’ясовано актуальні проблеми розвитку банківської системи з питань капіталізації та виконання графіка підвищення розміру статутного капіталу і запропоновано заходи щодо їх вирішення. The article deals with the specifics of the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine. As of January 1, 2017, 96 banking institutions were licensed by the National Bank of Ukraine for banking activities. According to the schedule of increasing the minimum amount of authorized capital of banks and the analysis conducted, it can be argued that almost two thirds of banking institutions will not be able to execute schedules for increasing the authorized capital. Reducing the number of banking institutions led to a significant reduction in the number of branches with 19,3 thousandths. In 2013 up to 10,3 thsd. In 2016, this in turn led to a decline in the number of bank employees for four years by 106,5 thousand people, which by the end of2016 amounted to 140,1 thousand people. Due to the nationalization of PJSC CB «Privatbank» as of January 1, 2017, the share of assets of banks with state participation was 52%, and in deposits of individuals 59%.Total assets of banks increased by 10,6%, net – practically unchanged (+0,2%). The financial result of the banking system for 2016, as in the previous two years, was negative and amounted to -159,39 bln. This situation is associated with a decrease in net operating income from operating activities and an increase in the amount of deductions in reserves. One of the biggest problems is the low level of capitalization of banking institutions. But the government needs to solve this problem not only by raising the minimum amount of authorized capital and eliminating banks, but also creating a supportive environment for conducting restructuring through mergers or mergers. Mass liquidation of banking institutions can lead to monopolization in the financial market. Therefore, only the interaction between the government and banking institutions can further strengthen the reliable and efficient development of the banking system of Ukraine.