Організаційно-правові, криміналістичні та технічні аспекти протидії кіберзлочинності в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто нормативно-правові чинники, які становлять правову основу організаційно-технічних принципів протидії кіберзлочинності. Ідентифіковано проблему протидії кіберзлочинності, подано тлумачення основних термінів і норм щодо кваліфікації кіберзлочинів. Проаналізовано специфіку протидії кіберзлочинам, у яких інформація є об’єктом зазіхань, а інформаційні технології і телекомунікаційні сервіси використані як засоби скоєння кіберзлочинів. The normative-legal factors that form the legal basis of organizational and technical principles of combating cybercrime are considered, the problem of cybercrime counteraction is identified. Considering the normative and legal basis of Ukraine in the field of regulation of cybersecurity, the following problems were noted: the lack of a single conceptual apparatus and norms regarding the qualification of cybercrime; the absence in the state of developed institutes of software and technical and forensic cybernetics in the process of documenting and consolidating evidence of cybercrime; absence of appropriate scientifically substantiated methods of their conducting; lack of necessary level of coordination and interaction between units of law enforcement structures while carrying out adequate threats of preventive and enforcement measures; the underdeveloped nationwide system for combating cybercrime. The problem of specificity of counteraction to cybercrime in which information is the object of infringements is considered. Information technologies and telecommunication services are used as means of committing cybercrime. The analysis of the basic forensic problems is singled out and analyzed: lack of scientifically grounded method of collecting digital evidence; verification of the identified information on material carriers during the computer-technical examination of materials received through operational-search activities; the correctness of the theoretical foundations and techniques used by the expert during the research; neglect of computer-technical expertise in the process of compliance with the requirements of state and international standards in the field of information technology. A separate emphasis was placed on the process of carrying out an operative-search activities and assignment work, on the need to involve cybercriminals in countering other cybercriminals as «specialists» in using information technology for committing crimes. The offender clearly knows the methods of committing a crime, understands the vulnerability, the psychology of the offender and is guided by the «market» of the relevant services.