Досвід Польщі стосовно участі судового експерта у кримінальному провадженні

Abstract

Продовжено серію публікацій, присвячених висвітленню наукового матеріалу, згромадженого та проаналізованого у рамках участі авторки у Стипендіальній програмі ім. Л. Кіркланда у 2016–2017 р. Досліджено процесуальні підстави, моделі залучення судових експертів, підстави відводу, а також оплати праці у кримінальному провадженні за законодавством Республіки Польщі. На підставі ґрунтовного аналізу нормативно-правових актів, наукових праць і науково-практичних коментарів сформульовано висновки стосовно відмінностей правового регулювання участі судових експертів в українському та польському кримінальних провадженнях. This Article is a continuation of publication series devoted to the presentation of scientific material, collected and analyzed within the framework of the author in the Scholarship Program of L. Kirkland in 2016–2017. The purpose of this work is to study procedural grounds, models of involvement of forensic experts, grounds for withdrawal, as well as remuneration of labor in criminal proceedings under the legislation of the Republic of Poland. The study identifies expert categories involved in the Polish criminal process; it was established that the procedural basis for forensic examination conducting is an the ruling to admit evidence from the expert conclusion; six models of involvement of experts representing the entities authorized to make such a ruling, the form of decision and the results of expert participation in the criminal process were determined; separate issues of withdrawal and remuneration of experts are considered. Based on a thorough analysis of normative legal acts, scientific works and scientific and practical comments, the conclusions on the differences in the legal regulation of participation of court experts in Ukrainian and Polish criminal proceedings are drawn. In particular, focus was drawn to the fact that there is a nationwide Register of Forensic Experts in Ukraine, and the reason for the inclusion of the Register is the decision of the Expert Qualification Commission, and not personal decision of the court chairman; the prosecutor and the defense team may also be involved; the procedural body ruling is called «the ruling on the appointment of expert evidence «; the possibility of oral commissioning of expert evidence (by phone or fax) to give a conclusion, etc, is not available.