Незаконні дії з платіжними картками як різновид злочинів у сфері економіки міжнародного характеру

Abstract

Досліджено злочини у сфері економіки як негативне явище, що притаманне не лише одній державі, а й світовій спільноті загалом. Визначено, що особливого значення це питання набуває у зв’язку з транснаціональним характером вчинення окремих неправомірних діянь шляхом незаконного використання банківських карток, документів на грошовий переказ чи інших засобів доступу до банківських рахунків. Відповідно встановлено, що питання протидії економічній злочинності, яке раніше визначалось самостійною проблемою окремої держави, в реаліях сьогодення не може бути вирішено виключно на національному рівні. Crimes in the economic sector are a negative phenomenon which can emerge not in any one country but also in the whole world. So, the problem of combating crime which was previously viewed as a separate state issue, in today's reality can not be solved only at the national level. Due to the transnational character of crimes in the economic sector committed across national borders, the issue requires the coordination of appropriate international measures. Therefore, it is obvious that the process of transformation of various criminal manifestations from the national to the international level has led to the unification of the efforts of the international association in order of combating these dangerous phenomena. The counterfeiting of money is one of the crime recognized as an international one in the sphere of economic activity. The danger of this act is based on the fact that due to the economic growth and the banking sector development some new criminal trends have emerged in this sphere (for example, the illegal use of bank cards). At the same time, due to the considerable amount of money, it should be specified that "card" crimes are transferred on an international scale in the first place because the theft or collection of information can be made in one geographical region, the card production – in another, as well as an unauthorized use of cards – in the third place. In order to combat the illegal use of payment cards effectively, it should be carried out the cooperation between national and foreign authorities in the areas of development and introduction of simplified mechanisms for the effective exchange of information on financial transactions with signs of counterfeit cards; exchange the positive experiences with law enforcement authorities of different countries; organization of conferences and other scientific and practical events. The implementation of these activities will not only prevent the illegal transactions with the use of payment cards, but also other crimes in the economic sphere such as the legalization of proceeds from criminal activities, financial fraud, smuggling, and so on