Енергетична безпека України в нових геоекономічних умовах

Abstract

Розглянуто економічні аспекти дослідження енергетичної безпеки України в умовах критичної зміни зовнішніх і внутрішніх факторів впливу. Визначено поняття енергетичної безпеки держави з точки зору економічної науки, окреслено її внутрішні і зовнішні виміри. Встановлено проблеми функціонування енергетичного сектора України в сучасних умовах та окреслено шляхи подолання визначених проблем, зокрема диверсифікацію постачання енергоресурсів, формування інституційно-правових умов нових правил гри на енергетичному ринку, які сприяють підвищенню енергетичної безпеки. The economic aspects of the investigation of the energy security of Ukraine in terms of the ultimate change of the external and internal impact factors are considered. The notion of the state energy security from the point of view of economics is defined. The energy security is a providing the state economy with the energy resources and the energy to the extent necessary to its stable and efficient, socially and environmentally acceptable functioning that ensures the economic and political independence of the state. The development of the energy sector of Ukrainian economy urgently requires the reconsidering of the strategic priorities determination in terms of the protection of national security of the state, taking into consideration the latest geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions that occurred during the last year. Our state has encountered a range of challenges in the energy sector, without the constructive and scientifically grounded responses for which there is a great threat to lose its energy independence. The energy independence is a fundamental basis for the creation of a competitive national economy that will ensure the adequate standard of living for the Ukrainians under conditions of the state integration into the European Economic Area. The problems of Ukrainian energy sector functioning in the current context are determined and the methods for solving the defined problems are outlined, namely the diversification of energy supply, the formation of the institutional and legal conditions of the new game rules on the energy market that contribute to the enhancement of energy safety. The absence of the single scientific interpretation of the notion of «energy security» triggers the implementation of further projects in the sphere that may be focused on the range of problems concerning the combining of the notion of energy security with the notion of security in other spheres of the state functioning. Now, the military and political sphere is the most topical for Ukraine. The issues of the radical reformation of the energy sector of the economy within the tightest schedule, focusing on the non-transparency and corruption eradication, will require the deep scientific analysis and development. It may be stated that during the last few years, particularly during the last year, geoeconomic conditions of the energy security of Ukraine drastically changed, unfortunately not for its benefit. The energy sector of Ukraine is under sustainable negative pressure of the external political and military conditions.