Екологічна складова сталого розвитку

Abstract

Дано визначення сталого розвитку, охарактеризовано його складові, їх взаємозв’язки і взаємозалежності. Виділено фактори, які загрожують довкіллю та людському організму. Наголошується, що для подолання екологічної кризи необхідною є розробка ефективної державної та міжнародної екологічної політики та виділено їх основні принципи. Відмічається необхідність у поширенні екологічної освіти та формуванні екологічної культури, на формальному і неформальному рівнях та завдання її творення. The article notes that the need for greening all spheres of human life originated long ago and identifies the causes of the crisis of the environment. It is claimed that the responsibility for the environmental crisis must be held by all members of society: individuals, entrepreneurs, officers of government agencies and others. It is noted that the UN 1992 Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro declared that sustainable development is the development of society which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, and highlights its main principles. The components and their relationships in the triad «economy – nature – man» are characterized. Key differences between the attitude to natural resources on the part of ordinary people and businesses are noted. Factors that threaten the environment and give rise to a number of new incurable diseases and mutations of the human body are singled out. According to the Article, there is a need to develop effective national environmental policies (social and economic management decisions and international agreements built on an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the environmental condition of areas, waters and airspace of the country) and international environmental policies (holding international, political and foreign economic events taking into account environmental constraints on economic and social development, the existing stock of the world’s natural resources and their allocation between regions and countries) against the background of the need to preserve the environment and ensure sustainable development. The article also provides the basic principles of such policies in countries that have managed to improve the condition of their surroundings: Canada, Japan, Finland and others. It is noted that there is the need for the dissemination of environmental education and the formation of ecological culture at both the formal level (in educational establishments) and the informal level (within the framework of NGOs, movements, etc.) and objectives thereof are demonstrated.