Системно-структурний підхід до формування системи економічної безпеки держави

Abstract

Проаналізовано наукові підходи до тлумачення сутності поняття «система», представлено структурно-функціональну характеристику алгоритму побудови системи, окреслено головні завдання та функції системи економічної безпеки. Розкрито сутність системи економічної безпеки держави за системно-структурним підходом та охарактеризовано її головні елементи. Наголошено на проблемі ефективності функціонування механізму гарантування економічної безпеки. Обґрунтовані ключові кроки щодо дотримання цілісності системи економічної безпеки та забезпечення ефективного її функціонування. The article analyses scientific approaches to interpreting the sense of «system» notion. Structural-functional characteristics of building system algorithm and main tasks and functions of economic safety system are presented. The system of economic safety can be treated in two ways: as a subsystem functioning within the system of national safety and creating a certain order with the help of other safety types or as a combination of interconnected and interrelated elements which due to synchronized actions can contract the threats and guarantee safe development of national economy. The sense of state’s economic safety system is shown according to systemstructural approach. The basic system’s elements such as safety object, safety subject and mechanisms of economic safety guaranteeing are revealed. The object of the safety can be everything under the threat of inner and/or outer character. The subjects of the safety can be certain citizens, enterprises, organizations, establishments and a state in the form of authorized legislative, executive and judicial power bodies. It is grounded that mechanism of economic safety guaranteeing presented with methods, means and functions takes the central place in the state’s economic safety system. This very mechanism is an inserted device of multifunctional purpose and at the same time a complex of steps within state’s economic interests with the help of which the subjects of safety guarantee safe situation and development of all objects of safety. Key steps to preserve the integrity of economic safety system and guarantee its effective functioning are suggested. They include estimation of threats to state’s economic safety and possible losses in case of their realization (constant monitoring of inner and outer environment); analysis and estimation of current state of economic system (calculations characterizing certain type of economic safety, their economic interpretation and comparison with threshold or standard meanings); carrying out and periodical review of limit indexes (every two or three years); analysis and estimation of deviation of factual economic safety indexes in order to control the change dynamics and determine the tendency(positive or negative); calculation of integral index of economic safety level; carrying out and realization of steps concerning economic safety guaranteeing.