Загальна характеристика Закону Речі Посполитої «Право про нотаріат» 1933 року як джерела правового регулювання нотаріальної діяльності на теренах Галичини

Abstract

Розглянуто питання законодавчого регулювання нотаріальної діяльності на українських землях у складі Речі Посполитої. Охарактеризовано Закон Речі Посполитої «Право про нотаріат» 1933 року. Проаналізовано нормативний акт з огляду на порядок призначення на посаду нотаріуса, режим роботи нотаріуса, обмеження у праві вчинення нотаріальних дій. Доведено, що більшість норм Закону «Право про нотаріат» 1933 року лишаються актуальними і в теперішній час. The article deals with the topical issues of legal regulation of the notarial activity. The notarial activity of Ukraine as a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is considered. The author has carried out the analysis of the normative act of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Law on the Notariate, issued on October 27, 1933, which was named ‘The Constitution of the Polish Notariate’among Polish notaries. The paper describes the procedure of access to the profession of a notary, including the requirements for applicants for the position of a notary. The position of a notary could be assigned to a person who: is a citizen of Poland and has the full extent of civil rights; reached 30 years old, fluent in the Polish language, both orally and in writing; positively characterized; received University legal education; did practical training as a notary and passed a notarial exam. The process of occupation of the notary public officer is traced. The activities of the Notarial Chambers and Councils of notaries are revealed. A great attention is paid to restrictions by a notary or his deputy in the right to carry out notarial acts in somebody’s name and on behalf of somebody’s name, in the name of his wife or on behalf of his wife, and their direct relatives or collateral relatives to the 4-th degree of collateral, or relatives through wedlock to the third degree inclusive; persons with whom the notary had ties of adoption, guardianship or care; institutions or organizations in which the notary had a share. The notary had to carry out his activity within the action of the District Court, and his workplace. The notary is obliged to keep in secret the circumstances that got by performing his functions and in the case where the notary was a witness in court. Under Art. 23 of the Law the notary has the right to the protection of public servants during the exercise of notarial acts. The grounds of termination of the activity as a notary are considered. The author examines the control over the activity of notaries. The requirements to the content of the notarial act are determined. The author asserts that the form of the notarial act established by the legislative act is used as the basis for modern notaries of Ukraine. The order of implementation of the notary office administration is studied. The legislator obligated a notary to keep the following books: a register, a registry book of protests, index, a book of deposits, a book of income and expenses. The official language of the notary office administration was Polish, and other languages were used by separate regulations. According to the author, the Law on Notariate initiated a new stage in the history of Polish notaries and notaries on the territory of the Western Ukraine that were under the jurisdiction of Poland.