Природне право приватної власності: філософсько-правовий аспект

Abstract

Висвітлено філософсько-правові аспекти одного з основних природних прав людини – права приватної власності, а також його поняття, історичні передумови виникнення та основні ознаки. Зауважено, що між власником та його власністю встановлюється ідеальний (юридичний) і безпосередній зв’язок. Оскільки це право є абсолютним, усі інші особи мусять утримуватись від його порушення. Розглянуто право приватної власності як юридично забезпечену можливість осіб фізичних і осіб юридичних володіти, користуватися й розпоряджатися своїм майном. The article deals with phylosophical-legal conception of ownership and inalienable right of private property (with its principle of formal equality and freedom ). It was found out, that these aspects make sense only if individual and human origin and measuration in social life is defined and acted, where the individual is defined as independent person - a subject of property and law. Property is applied not only as a ground for receiving rights and obligation, but aslo has got essential otological and legal character, cause of its presence or absence, one legal consciousness reveals essence of other legal consciousness. And legal reality is shown in such a way, that present reality of legal consciousness of others, who own property. As opposed to joined ownership, private property is the way to realization of individual freedom and is defined as an inalienable right of a person and as an intellectual origin. The article also characterizes four major aspects, which concern the inalienable right of private ownership. The first – summation of rights of possession, applying and disposal of property, which submit the complex system of relation between an owner and property and its applying together with other persons. An owner can fulfill the rights of possession and applying, not making any contracts with other persons, but right of disposal could be possible only with taking part of others. The second aspect consists of the fact, that an owner acts with his property, not violating the rights and interests of others and he becomes dependent on other people. He fulfills acts concerning his property, as material things (and this is exactly the third aspect). The fourth aspect of private ownership lies in the fact, that an owner keeps the burden of possessed thing and risk of its accidental destruction or damage.