Загальна характеристика й історичні форми державної політики у сфері державної митної справи

Abstract

Проаналізовано основні підходи до поняття і способів формування державної політики у сфері державної митної справи. Здійснено порівняння поглядів сучасних дослідників та проектів нормативно-правових актів, які визначають основи правового регулювання митної політики. Розглянуто досвід окремих європейських країн, що може бути основою для подальшого формування та реалізації державної політики у сфері державної митної справи в Україні. The article deals with the main approaches to the concept and ways of form-ing the state policy in the field of state customs affair. The features of the current stage of the economic development are the fast growth of the volume of international economic contacts, further development of the global labour distribution, deepening of the economic interdependence of states that is caused by the fast growth of indus-trial, scientific and technical progress. The final result of this process is free transference of goods, services, objects of intellectual property, capitals, labour force through the territories of various states and gradual disappearance of trade barriers among them. Historically, the state customs policy is the first form of the state regulation of foreign trade. Its con-tent is in the development of a unified system of coordinated economic, political, organizational and legal measures for the development of foreign economic rela-tions of the country. Comparison of views of modern researchers and projects of normative and legal acts, which determine the fundamentals of the legal regulation of the customs policy, is carried out. State policy in the field of state customs affair and its basic elements, on the whole, coincide in many countries. It is implemented through the customs affair. In all countries it is a monopoly of the state. Its main content is to provide an entire centralized regulation of foreign trade exchange. The ultimate goal of the state policy in the field of state customs affair is attraction of additional funds for the budget, defense of the domestic market. At the same time, it should contribute to the development of international contacts. The experience of European countries that could be the basis for further de-velopment and realization of the state policy in the field of the state customs affair of Ukraine is analyzed.