Щодо визначення поняття «працівник правоохоронного органу»

Abstract

Здійснено аналіз теоретичних та законодавчих положень щодо визначення поняття «правоохоронний орган». Встановлено, що вичерпний перелік працівників правоохоронних органів визначити неможливо у зв’язку з імовірними змінами назви органу, його функцій, його ліквідації чи реорганізації. Доведено, що в кожному конкретному випадку, визначаючи приналежність певного органу до правоохоронних, потрібно виходити із комлексного аналізу норм Кримінального кодексу України, рішень Конституційного Суду України та положень нормативно-правових актів, які регулюють правовий статус конкретного органу, де, зокрема, міститься вказівка про виконання цими органами правоохоронної функції. A law enforcement officer is a compulsory element (the victim) ofnumber of crimes against the authority of state bodies, local self-government, associations of citizens and against journalists (Art. 342, 343, 345, etc.). There is an unconditional thesis that the danger ofencroachment on life and health, property and interference with the law enforcement workers aims to the obstruction of the normal functioning of the relevant authorities, weaken greatly the effectiveness of the state in the fight against crimes, undermine state’s credibility and destroy the system of government from within. Considering a large number of scientists explored the question, what is meant by the «law enforcement body» and who belongs to the «law enforcement workers (officers)», there is no unanimous opinion of the subject to date. The united understanding and legal definition of the «law enforcement», «law enforcement officer» and the «law enforcement function of the state», which together make up the state law enforcement system, have not only theoretical, but also practical significance. The majority of scholars state that the law enforcement officer is a citizen of Ukraine, who works at the state created entities (bodies, offices, agencies, departments, etc.), who performs duties related to the implementation of at least one of the following: 1) pre-trial investigation in criminal cases (proceedings) or administrative proceedings; 2) execution of judgments, decisions, rulings and orders of the courts, decisions of prosecutors and investigation staff, penal, criminal executive inspection, the State executive service, military unit, guardhouse and disciplinary battalion or by the police; 3) operational-search; 4) administrative, preventive, protective function of police; 5) suppression of offenses while transfering of people, vehicles, goods and other items or substances across the state border and customs; 6) suppression of offenses in the illicit use of forests, illegal hunting, illegal fishing or any other sea hunting industry; 7) supervise and control over the implementation of laws. The definition of the law enforcement officer with appropriate amendments is given in ch. 1, Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine «On State Protection of court employees and law enforcement agencies» from December 23, 1993, in a number of other legal acts, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. There is noted that neither theory nor practice have produced a single concept ofthe «law enforcement body» yet. We believe that the definition of the «law enforcement officer» should be based not only on the determination of exercising or not exercising of the law enforcement function by a specific body, but on a complex analysis of the norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the provisions of regulations governing the legal status of a particular body, which contains a reference, in particular, that this specific bode exercise the law enforcement function.