Особливості укладення заповіту подружжя

Abstract

Проаналізовано проблемні аспекти, пов’язані з цивільно-правовою природою спільного заповіту подружжя, його інституційною ефективністю, досліджено теоретичні й практичні перешкоди до його укладення та застосування. Зосереджено увагу на питаннях, з якими стикаються нотаріуси, і посвідчуючи заповіт подружжя, і при забезпеченні реалізації й захисту прав того з подружжя, який пережив іншого, та спадкоємців. Обґрунтовано доцільність подальшого дослідження інституту спільного заповіту задля визначення ефективності його застосування й напрямів удосконалення. The article deals with the problem aspects related to civil-legal nature of a joint will of a marriage couple, its institutional efficiency, and theoretical and practical interferences to its conclusion and application. Notaries, ensuring the implementation and protection of the rights of the spouses, who survived another, and heirs, pay a great attention to the issues of certification of conjoints will. Nowadays the spouse has the right to draw up a joint will. This testamentation can concern the property, which is a common property of the spouse, even if it is registered on one of them (for example, a house purchased in marriage is a joint property). In case of making a joint will, in which the couple bequeaths all property to their children in equal portions, then in case of death of one member of the spouses this portion automatically devolves to another member, and one of the spouses who survived the other becomes the sole owner of the property. Children can get heritage after his death. Investigating the features of realizing hereditary rights under conjoints will we should note that a will is a personal disposition of the individual in case of his death. A norm, which gives spouses the right to draw up a joint will, is progressive by nature because expanding the genetic capacity of citizens. However, divisiveness and inconsistency at the legislative level of implementing in legal practice this type of will do not give notaries the possibility to protect properly the will declaration of each of the spouses and to prevent the undesirable consequences of this transaction in future. On the other hand, we believe that this allows you to make a preliminary conclusion that the practical capacity of the institution of a joint will, as well as its nature, is subject to an additional study for further evaluating the effectiveness of its application and ways of improvement.