Майнова шкода як об'єктивна ознака трудового правопорушення працівника

Abstract

Досліджено категорію майнової шкоди як об’єктивної ознаки трудового правопорушення, вчиненого працівником. Розглянуто трактування шкоди у соціальному, юридичному та фактичному аспектах. Висвітлено співвідношення понять майнової шкоди і збитків; обґрунтовано, що під другим слід розуміти грошовий вираз майнової шкоди. Зосереджено увагу на категорії «пряма дійсна шкода», вказано її ознаки. Вироблено відповідні пропозиції до трудового законодавства щодо можливості використання поняття реальних збитків замість складної конструкції «пряма дійсна шкода». The article deals with the category of property damage as an objective feature of the labour offence committed by an employee. The interpretation of harm is considered in the social, legal and factual aspects. The author defines a social aspect of harm that is the wrongful act infringes on public relations and injures the society in general, not merely a particular person; and it is revealed through the feature of social harmfulness of the offence. The author investigates the legal aspect of harm that is the negative consequences of illegal acts in the form of belittling the good protected by law. Within the article, we carried out the correspondence between property damage and losses. It is proved that in labour law losses are monetary expression of property damage. A special attention is paid to study of the category of «direct actual damage» and its features. The court practice of the specified problem is analyzed. The author supports the position that legal construction «direct actual damage» covers two separate concepts of actual property damage and direct property damage. Proposals to the labour legislation regarding the use of the concept of actual damages instead of the complex construction «direct actual damage» are made. It is suggested to provide for employee’s financial responsibility for caused property damage in the form of the compensation paid. Property damage can also be awarded with the consent of the employer by giving him another thing or repairing damaged items. The paper describes the composition of actual damages, which we understand as losses, that person has suffered in result of the destruction of or damage to things, as well as expenses that a person has done to restore his violated rights; additional costs (penalties, damages to third parties, etc.) incurred by a party of a labour agreement due to non-fulfillment (improper performance) of labour duties by the other side. It is inappropriate to implement the employee’s responsibility for outstanding income (loss of profit) in labour law.