Окремі аспекти проблем інституту свободи совісті

Abstract

Досліджено проблеми свободи совісті в різних сферах суспільних відносин. Розглянуто різні аспекти цього феномену: правовий, економічний, етичний, філософський, гносеологічний, соціальний. Наголошено на правовому аспекті свободи совісті, що дає змогу проаналізувати наявні правові гарантії віруючих, невіруючих й атеїстів, визначити перспективи їхнього подальшого розвитку. Резюмовано, що на основі комплексного соціально-правового аналізу свободи совісті можна зробити висновок: найважливішими аспектами свободи совісті є соціальний, філософський і правовий. This article investigates the issue of freedom of conscience in various areas of public relations. The different aspects of this phenomenon are mentioned: the legal, economic, ethical, philosophical, epistemological and social. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspect of the freedom of conscience, which allows to analyze the existing legal guarantees of believers, irreligious and atheists, to determine the prospects for their further development. Attention is drawn to the fact that the reduction of the problems of freedom of conscience only to the legal aspect leads to the substitution of ideological principles of a democratic society and to indoctrination. The various points of view of scientists on freedom of conscience as an ethical, moral and personal categories are analyzed in the work. It is summarized that on the basis of complex social and legal analysis of the freedom of conscience the following conclusion can be drawn, that the most important aspects of freedom of conscience is social, philosophical and legal. Social and philosophical aspects are theoretical basis of the analysis of freedom of conscience. Legal aspect allows to consider with the assistance of the essence and specificity of the notion of freedom of conscience and analyze the existing legal guarantees of believers, irreligious and atheists, and also perspectives of further development of these guarantees. The efficiency of such type of research allows to consider social and philosophical as well as legal aspect as the most essential in the theoretical analysis of freedom of conscience. However, social research of freedom of conscience is incomplete without taking into consideration those historical changes, that the mentioned phenomenon experienced on its way of progress.