Правові наслідки позашлюбної спорідненості за сімейним правом Польщі (1918–1939 рр.)

Abstract

Розглянуто проблеми виникнення та існування позашлюбної спорідненості, її правові наслідки, а також правові відносини між батьками та дітьми у разі існування такого факту. Зауважено на визнання позашлюбного батьківства та його наслідки для родити батька і для родини матері. Визначено основні строки, за якими жінка мала право вимагати батька визнати дитину, та основні умови такого визнання. Проаналізовано, що діти, народжені у шлюбі, також могли бути визнані позашлюбними у разі визнання шлюбу недійсним за рішенням суду. Встановлено, що аналіз законодавства міжвоєнної Польщі є актуальним ще й тому, що на той час не було єдиних норм у сфері сімейного права, а існуючий у Польщі (1918–1939 рр.) партикуляризм не давав можливості однаково врегульовувати позашлюбну спорідненість в різних регіонах. The problem of the emergence and existence of extramarital relationship, its legal implications and the legal relationship between parents and children in the event of such a fact are examed in the article. Much attention is paid to the recognition of extramarital paternity and it’s consequences according to the father’s family and mother’s family. The basic terms of which the woman had the right of requirement to the father for recognizing the child and the basic conditions for such recognition are determined. Child who was born on marriage also could be considered illegitimate in the case of annulment by the court are anylised. Also very important is studing of legislation interwar Poland because there was no common rules in the sphere of family law in time, and existing in Poland (1918-1939) particularism made it impossible to settle equally illegitimate relationship in different regions. All systems of law acting in Poland in the interwar period, regulated marriage and extramarital relationship differently. The difference was in fatherhood because of extramarital paternity establishes on other way and entailed less consequences than in marriage. Establish illegitimate motherhood in the western regions was held in accordance with the rules governing such motherhood. The consequences of illegitimate motherhood was the same as in marriage, but there were exceptions: 1. The unmarried mother who gave birth to a child, could not use a parental authority and had no right to dispose of a child’s property and to represent the child in the transactions; 2. Mother of illegitimate child was not obliged to care for their adult child; 3. Mother of illegitimate child could got a new marriage, unlike separate woman or widow. There were more roles for the mother of illegal child on the western regions of Poland. Some of them was: 1. Illegal mother had to pay aliments to her child from the burning to the age 21; 2. Illegal child had a maiden name of his mother even if mother had an surname of her husband. Even the child had take a mother’s husband surname, he could not have any rights to his property; 3. Illegal child had an education to mother’s religion until 14 years old; 4. Illegal mother had a right to adopt another children’s in contrast to legal mother.