Про поняття «посягання» у Кримінальному кодексі України

Abstract

Розглянуто таке наскрізне кримінально-правове поняття, як посягання. Проаналізовано особливості висвітлення цього терміна за чинним Кримінальним кодексом України. Досліджено зміст і значення цього поняття у Кримінальному кодексі України та кримінально-правовій літературі. Висвітлено зміст розглядуваного поняття у постанові Пленуму Верховного Суду України. Показано позицію судової практики в контексті розуміння цього терміна. Наведено співвідношення понять «посягання», «злочин» і «суспільно небезпечне діяння». The article is dedicated to the ascertaining of such a pass-through criminallegal notion as encroachment. The peculiarities of regulation of this question according to the valid criminal code of Ukraine are analyzed. The essence and meaning of this notion is researched in the Criminal code of Ukraine and criminallegal literature. It is argued that sometimes this notion has various criminal-legal. It is proved that underlying notion must have single meaning. This notion is once used in the General part of the Criminal code of Ukraine. On the other hand it is used almost in twenty articles of Special part of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The essence of the notion «encroachment» is clarified in the valid Criminal code of Ukraine only one time. «Encroachment to life» is one of the definitions of criminallegal notions. The underlying criminal-legal notion contains a reference to the action as the characteristic of the objective side of the body of crime and simultaneously to the social dangerous consequences. In some cases this notion contains a reference to the purpose of corresponding social dangerous action, and that is why it is the characteristic of the subjective side of the body of crime. The notion «encroachment» sometimes has the same meaning as a «crime» or «social dangerous action». But this notion doesn’t have the meaning as a crime in the articles 36–37 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The underlying notion, which is used in the articles 112, 181, 348, 348-1, 379, 400, 443 of the Criminal code of Ukraine has narrower content, than in other cases, because includes only harm to life or health. The highest judicial body in the system of general jurisdiction interpreated the notion,,encroachment’’ in its resolution. There are various points of view concerning also single bodies of the crimes. Judicial practice is usually similar. There is no judicial practice concerning body of the crime foreseen in the article 181 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. The notion «encroachment» is analised according to the Constitution of Ukraine. There are different types of encroachment according to the valid Criminal code of Ukraine.