Сучасні погляди на розуміння прав і свобод людини та громадянина у умовах реформування України

Abstract

Зазначено, що питання прав людини сьогодні є найважливішим для внутрішньої та зовнішньої політики усіх держав світової спільноти. Становище сфери прав особи, їх практичної реалізації є критерієм, за яким оцінюється рівень демократичного розвитку будь-якої держави і суспільства загалом. Підкреслено, що інтерес до концепцій прав людини легко пояснити з урахуванням соціально-економічного переформування, що відбувається в Україні, та процесів у світі, спричинених глобалізаційними ризиками. Relevance of the study is subject to the fact that human rights are currently the most important issue of internal and foreign policy of all countries of the world community. It is the state in the field of the human rights, their implementation, is the criterion by which the level of democratic development of any country and society as a whole is assessed. Interest in the concept of human rights is easy to explain considering socio-economic restructuring in Ukraine and those processes taking place in the world and caused by globalization risks. The first major legal act was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948. The significant difference of international instruments of human rights from other international agreements is that the obligations imposed on the state regulate not relations with other states, but rather aim to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens of this state. One of the realiae of modern international law is the recognition of human rights to be a component of the subject of international relations: attitude of the state to its citizens is no longer considered a matter of exclusive internal jurisdiction. Human rights are a holistic guide that allows applying «human dimension» to the state, law, ethics, and morality. Human rights and freedoms are defined normative dimension of social and cultural activities. Moreover, they serve as one of the largest cultural values. For Ukraine, human rights issue now becomes extremely important. Expressing from the first steps of building an independent state a wish to take a worthy place in the world and the European community means for Ukraine a need for bringing its legislation into line with international one, and in geographical terms – with European human rights standards.