Наукове розуміння тлумачення норм права

Abstract

Досліджено загальну характеристику тлумачення норм права. Розкрито сутність поняття тлумачення норми права на основі визначень закордонних і вітчизняних науковців. Проаналізовано тлумачення норм права в контексті його двох частин: з’ясування його результату та роз’яснення норми права. Досліджено акт тлумачення норм права (інтерпретаційний акт) як відповідний результат роз’яснення та з’ясування норми права. Розглянуто основні функції сучасного тлумачення права, що у визначеній послідовності відображають історичні етапи становлення цієї діяльності. The article deals with the general characteristics of interpretation of rules of law. The concept of interpretation of a rule which is based on the definitions given by foreign and domestic scientists is revealed. Such concepts as clarification and explanation are analyzed, because they are components of interpretation of regulations. The author’s definition of interpretation of rules of law is formulated on the base of researches. Interpretation of rules of law is formed historically; the activities of lawyers of ancient Rome gave impetus to the formulation of the doctrine of interpretation of laws. Any text has its significance and meaning that can be revealed with the appropriate interpretation. The text in its classic legal sense is a part of the conceptual unit, in the center of which there is a sign. The result of interpretation depends on many objective (peculiarities of language and textual execution of legal norms; the presence of systemic links between the norm that is being interpreted and other rules; the specifics of the particular circumstances to which the rule of law is applied, etc.) and subjective factors (legal consciousness of the person who carries out interpretation, the level of legal knowledge, training, etc.). In the process of interpretation the content of rules of law is perceived through knowledge of the language they are formulated, knowledge about systemic relations of rules of law, knowledge of their origin. Interpretation is not only an objective process, because the object of knowledge doesn’t depend on somebody who recognizes the subject, but it is also a subjective process, because a specific subject provides it, and the result is expressed in subjective ways of thinking (concepts, statements). Subjects of law interpretation have different mental abilities, qualification level and individual experience. These features can be the source of errors, single-side and wrong understanding of rules of law.