Види підкупу як кримінально караного корупційного правопорушення в Україні

Abstract

Досліджено види підкупу залежно від ступеня активності суб’єкта у корупційному правопорушенні, специфіки його повноважень, прав і обов’язків, ступеня очевидності підкупу для осіб, які не є зацікавлені в його вчиненні, ролі держави у регулюванні суспільних відносин, де вчинено підкуп; найбільш корумпованими напрямами управлінської чи господарської діяльності в Україні тощо. Запропоновано якісно нові підходи до розуміння видів активного підкупу як форми психологічного впливу. Узагальнено можливість використання одержаних теоретичних результатів для розробки системних заходів запобігання підкупу. In particular, depending on the degree of activity of the subject of corruption offence, it could be possible to provide active bribery (suggestion, promise, illegal benefit, request to give an illegal benefit, its extortion, assignation of illegal benefit) and passive bribe (accepting the suggestion, promise of illegal benefit, receiving illegal benefit). In its turn active bribe, depending on volitional attitude toward actions in relation to an illegal benefit, can be voluntarily or forced. In last case the active participant of a bribe, though offers, promises an illegal benefit or gives it directly, but carries out it not by own free will, but in connection with illegal demand. Depending on the degree of evidence of extraneous persons, obvious and non-obvious bribe is examined in the article. Distribution of bribe as such that is committed in a public or private sector coincides with his distribution in positions of base international anticorruption con-ventions. Depending on the specificity of the powers of subjects for bribe of which, according to the current legislation of Ukraine, criminal liability is imposed, it is possible to distinguish such types: bribe of public official according to the public law; bribe of a public official according to the private law; bribe of a person that provides public services; bribe of a worker of enterprise, establishment or or-ganization, that is not a public official, or in relation to a person, that works on behalf of an enterprise, establishment or organization; bribe of a voter, a partici-pant of referendum. Classification of types of bribery depends on directions or economic activity, that nowadays is mostly affected by corruption, in the end promotes the classifica-tion of measures of prevention. The received results not only develop scientific knowledge about the peculiarities of bribery, as criminally-punishable corruption offence, but also can be used as theoretical ground for development of system measures of prevention corruption in Ukraine.